Persistent fetal vasculature: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Persistent_hyperplastic_primary_vitreous.jpg|Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous| | {{SI}} | ||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Persistent fetal vasculature | |||
| image = [[File:Persistent_hyperplastic_primary_vitreous.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Fundus photograph showing persistent fetal vasculature | |||
| synonyms = Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) | |||
| field = [[Ophthalmology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Leukocoria]], [[strabismus]], [[nystagmus]], [[microphthalmia]] | |||
| complications = [[Cataract]], [[glaucoma]], [[retinal detachment]] | |||
| onset = [[Congenital]] | |||
| duration = [[Lifelong]] | |||
| causes = Failure of the fetal hyaloid vascular system to regress | |||
| risks = [[Premature birth]], [[intrauterine growth restriction]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Ophthalmoscopy]], [[ultrasound]], [[MRI]] | |||
| differential = [[Retinoblastoma]], [[Coats' disease]], [[retinopathy of prematurity]] | |||
| treatment = [[Surgery]], [[vitrectomy]], [[cataract extraction]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depends on severity and treatment | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
'''Persistent fetal vasculature''' (PFV), also known as persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV), is a congenital developmental anomaly of the eye. It occurs when the fetal hyaloid vascular system, which normally regresses before birth, fails to involute. This condition can lead to various ocular abnormalities and visual impairment. | |||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
During normal fetal development, the [[hyaloid artery]] supplies blood to the developing [[lens]] and [[vitreous body]]. This artery typically regresses and disappears before birth. In PFV, this regression does not occur, leading to the persistence of the hyaloid artery and its associated structures. The persistent vasculature can cause traction on the [[retina]], leading to [[retinal detachment]], and can also result in [[cataract]] formation, [[microphthalmia]], and other structural abnormalities. | During normal fetal development, the [[hyaloid artery]] supplies blood to the developing [[lens]] and [[vitreous body]]. This artery typically regresses and disappears before birth. In PFV, this regression does not occur, leading to the persistence of the hyaloid artery and its associated structures. The persistent vasculature can cause traction on the [[retina]], leading to [[retinal detachment]], and can also result in [[cataract]] formation, [[microphthalmia]], and other structural abnormalities. | ||
==Clinical Presentation== | ==Clinical Presentation== | ||
PFV can present in various forms, ranging from mild to severe. Common clinical features include: | PFV can present in various forms, ranging from mild to severe. Common clinical features include: | ||
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* [[Cataract]] (clouding of the lens) | * [[Cataract]] (clouding of the lens) | ||
* [[Glaucoma]] (increased intraocular pressure) | * [[Glaucoma]] (increased intraocular pressure) | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of PFV is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic appearance of the eye. Imaging studies such as [[ultrasound]], [[computed tomography]] (CT), and [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI) can be used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of the anomaly. [[Ophthalmoscopy]] and [[fundus photography]] are also useful in visualizing the persistent vasculature and associated retinal changes. | Diagnosis of PFV is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic appearance of the eye. Imaging studies such as [[ultrasound]], [[computed tomography]] (CT), and [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI) can be used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of the anomaly. [[Ophthalmoscopy]] and [[fundus photography]] are also useful in visualizing the persistent vasculature and associated retinal changes. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
The treatment of PFV depends on the severity of the condition and the associated ocular abnormalities. Options include: | The treatment of PFV depends on the severity of the condition and the associated ocular abnormalities. Options include: | ||
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* [[Laser therapy]] to ablate the persistent vessels. | * [[Laser therapy]] to ablate the persistent vessels. | ||
* [[Medical management]] for associated conditions like glaucoma. | * [[Medical management]] for associated conditions like glaucoma. | ||
Early intervention is crucial to prevent further visual impairment and to optimize visual outcomes. | Early intervention is crucial to prevent further visual impairment and to optimize visual outcomes. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis for PFV varies depending on the severity of the condition and the success of treatment. Early detection and appropriate management can improve visual outcomes, but severe cases may result in significant visual impairment or blindness. | The prognosis for PFV varies depending on the severity of the condition and the success of treatment. Early detection and appropriate management can improve visual outcomes, but severe cases may result in significant visual impairment or blindness. | ||
==See also== | |||
== | |||
* [[Hyaloid artery]] | * [[Hyaloid artery]] | ||
* [[Retinal detachment]] | * [[Retinal detachment]] | ||
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* [[Nystagmus]] | * [[Nystagmus]] | ||
[[Category:Congenital disorders of eyes]] | [[Category:Congenital disorders of eyes]] | ||
[[Category:Ophthalmology]] | [[Category:Ophthalmology]] | ||
{{Congenital malformations and deformations of eye, ear, face, and neck}} | {{Congenital malformations and deformations of eye, ear, face, and neck}} | ||
{{medicine-stub}} | {{medicine-stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 15:40, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
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| Persistent fetal vasculature | |
|---|---|
| File:Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous.jpg | |
| Synonyms | Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Leukocoria, strabismus, nystagmus, microphthalmia |
| Complications | Cataract, glaucoma, retinal detachment |
| Onset | Congenital |
| Duration | Lifelong |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Failure of the fetal hyaloid vascular system to regress |
| Risks | Premature birth, intrauterine growth restriction |
| Diagnosis | Ophthalmoscopy, ultrasound, MRI |
| Differential diagnosis | Retinoblastoma, Coats' disease, retinopathy of prematurity |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Surgery, vitrectomy, cataract extraction |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, depends on severity and treatment |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Persistent fetal vasculature (PFV), also known as persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV), is a congenital developmental anomaly of the eye. It occurs when the fetal hyaloid vascular system, which normally regresses before birth, fails to involute. This condition can lead to various ocular abnormalities and visual impairment.
Pathophysiology[edit]
During normal fetal development, the hyaloid artery supplies blood to the developing lens and vitreous body. This artery typically regresses and disappears before birth. In PFV, this regression does not occur, leading to the persistence of the hyaloid artery and its associated structures. The persistent vasculature can cause traction on the retina, leading to retinal detachment, and can also result in cataract formation, microphthalmia, and other structural abnormalities.
Clinical Presentation[edit]
PFV can present in various forms, ranging from mild to severe. Common clinical features include:
- Leukocoria (white pupillary reflex)
- Strabismus (misalignment of the eyes)
- Nystagmus (involuntary eye movement)
- Microphthalmia (abnormally small eye)
- Cataract (clouding of the lens)
- Glaucoma (increased intraocular pressure)
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of PFV is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic appearance of the eye. Imaging studies such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of the anomaly. Ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography are also useful in visualizing the persistent vasculature and associated retinal changes.
Treatment[edit]
The treatment of PFV depends on the severity of the condition and the associated ocular abnormalities. Options include:
- Surgical intervention to remove the persistent vasculature and address associated complications such as cataracts and retinal detachment.
- Laser therapy to ablate the persistent vessels.
- Medical management for associated conditions like glaucoma.
Early intervention is crucial to prevent further visual impairment and to optimize visual outcomes.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for PFV varies depending on the severity of the condition and the success of treatment. Early detection and appropriate management can improve visual outcomes, but severe cases may result in significant visual impairment or blindness.
See also[edit]
Template:Congenital malformations and deformations of eye, ear, face, and neck
