Leiomyoma: Difference between revisions
From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Leiomyoma | |||
| image = [[File:Lipoleiomyoma2.jpg|left|thumb|A histological image of a leiomyoma]] | |||
| caption = Histological image of a leiomyoma | |||
| field = [[Gynecology]], [[Oncology]] | |||
| synonyms = Fibroid, myoma, fibromyoma | |||
| symptoms = [[Pelvic pain]], [[menorrhagia]], [[urinary frequency]], [[constipation]] | |||
| complications = [[Infertility]], [[anemia]], [[urinary tract infections]] | |||
| onset = Reproductive age | |||
| duration = Variable | |||
| types = [[Uterine leiomyoma]], [[cutaneous leiomyoma]], [[leiomyosarcoma]] | |||
| causes = Unknown, possibly [[genetic]] and [[hormonal]] factors | |||
| risks = [[Obesity]], [[nulliparity]], [[family history]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Pelvic examination]], [[ultrasound]], [[MRI]] | |||
| differential = [[Adenomyosis]], [[endometrial polyp]], [[ovarian cyst]] | |||
| prevention = None specific | |||
| treatment = [[Medication]], [[surgery]], [[uterine artery embolization]] | |||
| medication = [[GnRH agonists]], [[NSAIDs]], [[oral contraceptives]] | |||
| prognosis = Generally good with treatment | |||
| frequency = Common, affecting up to 70% of women by age 50 | |||
}} | |||
{{Infobox disease | {{Infobox disease | ||
| name = Leiomyoma | | name = Leiomyoma | ||
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| frequency = Common in women of reproductive age | | frequency = Common in women of reproductive age | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Leiomyoma''' is a benign smooth muscle tumor that can occur in any organ but is most commonly found in the uterus, where it is often referred to as a [[uterine fibroid]]. Leiomyomas are the most common benign tumors in women and are typically discovered during the reproductive years. | '''Leiomyoma''' is a benign smooth muscle tumor that can occur in any organ but is most commonly found in the uterus, where it is often referred to as a [[uterine fibroid]]. Leiomyomas are the most common benign tumors in women and are typically discovered during the reproductive years. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
Leiomyomas are composed of smooth muscle cells and fibrous connective tissue. They arise from the smooth muscle layer of the uterus, known as the myometrium, but can also occur in other locations such as the esophagus, small intestine, and skin. The exact cause of leiomyoma development is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to hormonal factors, particularly estrogen and progesterone. | Leiomyomas are composed of smooth muscle cells and fibrous connective tissue. They arise from the smooth muscle layer of the uterus, known as the myometrium, but can also occur in other locations such as the esophagus, small intestine, and skin. The exact cause of leiomyoma development is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to hormonal factors, particularly estrogen and progesterone. | ||
==Clinical Presentation== | ==Clinical Presentation== | ||
Many leiomyomas are asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally during pelvic examinations or imaging studies. When symptoms do occur, they may include: | Many leiomyomas are asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally during pelvic examinations or imaging studies. When symptoms do occur, they may include: | ||
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* Constipation | * Constipation | ||
* Infertility | * Infertility | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
The diagnosis of leiomyoma is typically made through imaging studies such as [[ultrasound]] or [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI). Histological examination of tissue samples can confirm the diagnosis. | The diagnosis of leiomyoma is typically made through imaging studies such as [[ultrasound]] or [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI). Histological examination of tissue samples can confirm the diagnosis. | ||
[[File:Colonic leiomyoma, low mag.jpg|left|thumb|Colonic leiomyoma under low magnification]] | |||
[[File:Beta-catenin immunohistochemistry in leiomyoma.jpg|left|thumb|Beta-catenin immunohistochemistry in leiomyoma]] | |||
[[File:Colonic leiomyoma, low mag.jpg|thumb|Colonic leiomyoma under low magnification]] | |||
[[File:Beta-catenin immunohistochemistry in leiomyoma.jpg|thumb|Beta-catenin immunohistochemistry in leiomyoma]] | |||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment options for leiomyoma depend on the size, location, and symptoms. They include: | Treatment options for leiomyoma depend on the size, location, and symptoms. They include: | ||
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* Surgical options like myomectomy or hysterectomy | * Surgical options like myomectomy or hysterectomy | ||
* Minimally invasive procedures such as uterine artery embolization | * Minimally invasive procedures such as uterine artery embolization | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
Leiomyomas are benign and do not metastasize. However, they can cause significant symptoms and complications, such as anemia from heavy bleeding. Rarely, a leiomyoma may undergo malignant transformation into a [[leiomyosarcoma]]. | Leiomyomas are benign and do not metastasize. However, they can cause significant symptoms and complications, such as anemia from heavy bleeding. Rarely, a leiomyoma may undergo malignant transformation into a [[leiomyosarcoma]]. | ||
==Also see== | ==Also see== | ||
* [[Uterine fibroid]] | * [[Uterine fibroid]] | ||
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* [[Myomectomy]] | * [[Myomectomy]] | ||
* [[Hysterectomy]] | * [[Hysterectomy]] | ||
{{Reproductive system diseases}} | {{Reproductive system diseases}} | ||
{{Oncology}} | {{Oncology}} | ||
[[Category:Benign tumors]] | [[Category:Benign tumors]] | ||
[[Category:Gynecological disorders]] | [[Category:Gynecological disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Smooth muscle disorders]] | [[Category:Smooth muscle disorders]] | ||
Revision as of 01:24, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD's medical weight loss NYC, sleep center NYC
Philadelphia medical weight loss and Philadelphia sleep clinics
| Leiomyoma | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | Fibroid, myoma, fibromyoma |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Pelvic pain, menorrhagia, urinary frequency, constipation |
| Complications | Infertility, anemia, urinary tract infections |
| Onset | Reproductive age |
| Duration | Variable |
| Types | Uterine leiomyoma, cutaneous leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma |
| Causes | Unknown, possibly genetic and hormonal factors |
| Risks | Obesity, nulliparity, family history |
| Diagnosis | Pelvic examination, ultrasound, MRI |
| Differential diagnosis | Adenomyosis, endometrial polyp, ovarian cyst |
| Prevention | None specific |
| Treatment | Medication, surgery, uterine artery embolization |
| Medication | GnRH agonists, NSAIDs, oral contraceptives |
| Prognosis | Generally good with treatment |
| Frequency | Common, affecting up to 70% of women by age 50 |
| Deaths | N/A |
| Leiomyoma | |
|---|---|
| Histological image of a leiomyoma | |
| ICD-10 | |
| ICD-9 | |
| DiseasesDB | |
| MedlinePlus | |
| eMedicine | |
| MeSH ID | |
Leiomyoma is a benign smooth muscle tumor that can occur in any organ but is most commonly found in the uterus, where it is often referred to as a uterine fibroid. Leiomyomas are the most common benign tumors in women and are typically discovered during the reproductive years.
Pathophysiology
Leiomyomas are composed of smooth muscle cells and fibrous connective tissue. They arise from the smooth muscle layer of the uterus, known as the myometrium, but can also occur in other locations such as the esophagus, small intestine, and skin. The exact cause of leiomyoma development is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to hormonal factors, particularly estrogen and progesterone.
Clinical Presentation
Many leiomyomas are asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally during pelvic examinations or imaging studies. When symptoms do occur, they may include:
- Abnormal uterine bleeding
- Pelvic pain or pressure
- Frequent urination
- Constipation
- Infertility
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of leiomyoma is typically made through imaging studies such as ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Histological examination of tissue samples can confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment
Treatment options for leiomyoma depend on the size, location, and symptoms. They include:
- Observation for asymptomatic cases
- Medications such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists to shrink the tumors
- Surgical options like myomectomy or hysterectomy
- Minimally invasive procedures such as uterine artery embolization
Prognosis
Leiomyomas are benign and do not metastasize. However, they can cause significant symptoms and complications, such as anemia from heavy bleeding. Rarely, a leiomyoma may undergo malignant transformation into a leiomyosarcoma.
Also see
| Reproductive system diseases | ||||||||||
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This 'Reproductive system diseases' related article is a stub.
| Oncology | ||||||||||
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This oncology-related article is a stub.
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