Interstitial nephritis: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Interstitial nephritis | |||
| image = [[File:Acute_Interstitial_Nephritis.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Histopathological image of acute interstitial nephritis | |||
| field = [[Nephrology]] | |||
| synonyms = Tubulointerstitial nephritis | |||
| symptoms = [[Fever]], [[rash]], [[eosinophilia]], [[hematuria]], [[pyuria]], [[flank pain]] | |||
| complications = [[Chronic kidney disease]], [[acute kidney injury]] | |||
| onset = Sudden or gradual | |||
| duration = Variable | |||
| causes = [[Medications]], [[infections]], [[autoimmune diseases]] | |||
| risks = Use of certain [[antibiotics]], [[NSAIDs]], [[proton pump inhibitors]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Urinalysis]], [[blood tests]], [[kidney biopsy]] | |||
| differential = [[Acute tubular necrosis]], [[glomerulonephritis]], [[pyelonephritis]] | |||
| treatment = Discontinuation of offending agent, [[corticosteroids]], supportive care | |||
| prognosis = Generally good with treatment, but can lead to chronic kidney disease if untreated | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
= Interstitial Nephritis = | = Interstitial Nephritis = | ||
== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
'''Interstitial Nephritis''', also known as '''tubulointerstitial nephritis''', is a renal condition characterized by inflammation of the renal interstitium. The renal interstitium is a key component of kidney tissue, surrounding the renal tubules. | '''Interstitial Nephritis''', also known as '''tubulointerstitial nephritis''', is a renal condition characterized by inflammation of the renal interstitium. The renal interstitium is a key component of kidney tissue, surrounding the renal tubules. | ||
== Renal Interstitium Anatomy == | == Renal Interstitium Anatomy == | ||
[[File:Blausen 0592 KidneyAnatomy 01.png|left|thumb|500px|Microscopic structure of the kidney, highlighting the renal interstitium.]] | |||
[[File:Blausen 0592 KidneyAnatomy 01.png|thumb|500px|Microscopic structure of the kidney, highlighting the renal interstitium.]] | |||
The renal interstitium comprises a collection of cells, extracellular matrix, and fluid, providing structural support to the renal tubules. It plays a crucial role in fluid and electrolyte exchange, as well as the endocrine functions of the kidney. | The renal interstitium comprises a collection of cells, extracellular matrix, and fluid, providing structural support to the renal tubules. It plays a crucial role in fluid and electrolyte exchange, as well as the endocrine functions of the kidney. | ||
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== Causes and Types == | == Causes and Types == | ||
Interstitial nephritis can be acute or chronic and is caused by a variety of factors, including: | Interstitial nephritis can be acute or chronic and is caused by a variety of factors, including: | ||
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* Autoimmune disorders | * Autoimmune disorders | ||
* Toxins | * Toxins | ||
== Pathophysiology == | == Pathophysiology == | ||
The condition involves inflammation that leads to damage or destruction of the tubules and interstitial tissue. This can disrupt normal kidney function and lead to renal failure if not properly managed. | The condition involves inflammation that leads to damage or destruction of the tubules and interstitial tissue. This can disrupt normal kidney function and lead to renal failure if not properly managed. | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
Symptoms of interstitial nephritis may include: | Symptoms of interstitial nephritis may include: | ||
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* Rash | * Rash | ||
* Fatigue | * Fatigue | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Diagnosis typically involves: | Diagnosis typically involves: | ||
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* Imaging studies (ultrasound, CT scan) | * Imaging studies (ultrasound, CT scan) | ||
* Renal biopsy for definitive diagnosis | * Renal biopsy for definitive diagnosis | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include: | Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include: | ||
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* Treatment of underlying infections or autoimmune diseases | * Treatment of underlying infections or autoimmune diseases | ||
* Dialysis in cases of severe renal impairment | * Dialysis in cases of severe renal impairment | ||
== Prognosis == | == Prognosis == | ||
The prognosis varies based on the cause and severity. Acute interstitial nephritis may be reversible with timely treatment, while chronic forms can lead to permanent kidney damage. | The prognosis varies based on the cause and severity. Acute interstitial nephritis may be reversible with timely treatment, while chronic forms can lead to permanent kidney damage. | ||
== Epidemiology == | == Epidemiology == | ||
Interstitial nephritis accounts for a significant portion of acute kidney injuries, with varying prevalence depending on the population and underlying causes. | Interstitial nephritis accounts for a significant portion of acute kidney injuries, with varying prevalence depending on the population and underlying causes. | ||
== See Also == | == See Also == | ||
* [[Acute kidney injury]] | * [[Acute kidney injury]] | ||
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* [[Nephrology]] | * [[Nephrology]] | ||
* [[Renal pathology]] | * [[Renal pathology]] | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references> | <references> | ||
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* Patel, S., & Green, M.T. (2022). ''Tubulointerstitial Nephritis: A Clinical Overview''. Advances in Renal Medicine. 18(3), 134-142. | * Patel, S., & Green, M.T. (2022). ''Tubulointerstitial Nephritis: A Clinical Overview''. Advances in Renal Medicine. 18(3), 134-142. | ||
</references> | </references> | ||
== External Links == | == External Links == | ||
* [https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/interstitial National Kidney Foundation - Interstitial Nephritis] | * [https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/interstitial National Kidney Foundation - Interstitial Nephritis] | ||
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[[Category:Kidney Diseases]] | [[Category:Kidney Diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Medical Conditions]] | [[Category:Medical Conditions]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Revision as of 01:11, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Interstitial nephritis | |
|---|---|
| File:Acute Interstitial Nephritis.jpg | |
| Synonyms | Tubulointerstitial nephritis |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Fever, rash, eosinophilia, hematuria, pyuria, flank pain |
| Complications | Chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury |
| Onset | Sudden or gradual |
| Duration | Variable |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Medications, infections, autoimmune diseases |
| Risks | Use of certain antibiotics, NSAIDs, proton pump inhibitors |
| Diagnosis | Urinalysis, blood tests, kidney biopsy |
| Differential diagnosis | Acute tubular necrosis, glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Discontinuation of offending agent, corticosteroids, supportive care |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Generally good with treatment, but can lead to chronic kidney disease if untreated |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Interstitial Nephritis
Introduction
Interstitial Nephritis, also known as tubulointerstitial nephritis, is a renal condition characterized by inflammation of the renal interstitium. The renal interstitium is a key component of kidney tissue, surrounding the renal tubules.
Renal Interstitium Anatomy
The renal interstitium comprises a collection of cells, extracellular matrix, and fluid, providing structural support to the renal tubules. It plays a crucial role in fluid and electrolyte exchange, as well as the endocrine functions of the kidney.
Causes and Types
Interstitial nephritis can be acute or chronic and is caused by a variety of factors, including:
- Allergic reactions to medications (e.g., antibiotics, NSAIDs)
- Infections
- Autoimmune disorders
- Toxins
Pathophysiology
The condition involves inflammation that leads to damage or destruction of the tubules and interstitial tissue. This can disrupt normal kidney function and lead to renal failure if not properly managed.
Symptoms
Symptoms of interstitial nephritis may include:
- Kidney pain or tenderness
- Changes in urine output
- Fever
- Rash
- Fatigue
Diagnosis
Diagnosis typically involves:
- Laboratory tests (urinalysis, blood tests)
- Imaging studies (ultrasound, CT scan)
- Renal biopsy for definitive diagnosis
Treatment
Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include:
- Cessation of offending drugs
- Corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive drugs
- Treatment of underlying infections or autoimmune diseases
- Dialysis in cases of severe renal impairment
Prognosis
The prognosis varies based on the cause and severity. Acute interstitial nephritis may be reversible with timely treatment, while chronic forms can lead to permanent kidney damage.
Epidemiology
Interstitial nephritis accounts for a significant portion of acute kidney injuries, with varying prevalence depending on the population and underlying causes.
See Also
References
<references>
- Johnson, K.L., & Smith, A.R. (2023). Interstitial Nephritis: Pathophysiology and Treatment. Journal of Nephrology. 36(5), 245-254.
- Patel, S., & Green, M.T. (2022). Tubulointerstitial Nephritis: A Clinical Overview. Advances in Renal Medicine. 18(3), 134-142.
</references>
