Hypovolemia: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Hypovolemia | |||
| image = [[File:Capillary_microcirculation.svg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Diagram of capillary microcirculation, where hypovolemia can affect blood flow. | |||
| field = [[Emergency medicine]] | |||
| synonyms = Volume depletion, oligemia | |||
| symptoms = [[Tachycardia]], [[hypotension]], [[pallor]], [[dizziness]], [[confusion]], [[weakness]] | |||
| complications = [[Shock (circulatory)|Hypovolemic shock]], [[organ failure]] | |||
| onset = Sudden or gradual | |||
| duration = Variable, depending on cause and treatment | |||
| causes = [[Hemorrhage]], [[dehydration]], [[burns]], [[vomiting]], [[diarrhea]], [[diuretic]] use | |||
| risks = [[Trauma]], [[surgery]], [[gastrointestinal bleeding]], [[sepsis]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Physical examination]], [[blood test]], [[urinalysis]], [[imaging studies]] | |||
| differential = [[Dehydration]], [[heart failure]], [[sepsis]], [[anemia]] | |||
| prevention = Adequate [[hydration]], managing underlying conditions | |||
| treatment = [[Fluid replacement therapy]], [[blood transfusion]], [[medications]] | |||
| prognosis = Good with prompt treatment, but can be life-threatening if untreated | |||
| frequency = Common in [[emergency department]] settings | |||
}} | |||
[[Hypovolemia]], also known as volume depletion, is a state of decreased blood volume, specifically a reduction in the volume of blood plasma within the body. This condition can result in decreased oxygen delivery to organs and tissues and can lead to shock if left untreated. | [[Hypovolemia]], also known as volume depletion, is a state of decreased blood volume, specifically a reduction in the volume of blood plasma within the body. This condition can result in decreased oxygen delivery to organs and tissues and can lead to shock if left untreated. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
* The most common causes of hypovolemia include: | * The most common causes of hypovolemia include: | ||
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* Overuse of diuretics | * Overuse of diuretics | ||
* Endocrine disorders like diabetes insipidus or adrenal insufficiency | * Endocrine disorders like diabetes insipidus or adrenal insufficiency | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
* Common symptoms of hypovolemia vary based on the severity and may include: | * Common symptoms of hypovolemia vary based on the severity and may include: | ||
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* Fatigue or weakness | * Fatigue or weakness | ||
* In severe cases, hypovolemia may progress to shock, a life-threatening condition. | * In severe cases, hypovolemia may progress to shock, a life-threatening condition. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Hypovolemia is typically diagnosed based on physical examination, medical history, and presenting symptoms. Diagnostic tests may include blood tests, urinalysis, or imaging studies like ultrasound to evaluate blood flow and organ function. | Hypovolemia is typically diagnosed based on physical examination, medical history, and presenting symptoms. Diagnostic tests may include blood tests, urinalysis, or imaging studies like ultrasound to evaluate blood flow and organ function. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment of hypovolemia generally involves replenishing the lost volume. This is usually achieved through intravenous (IV) fluid resuscitation using crystalloids or blood products as necessary. Additionally, the underlying cause of the volume loss must be addressed to prevent further depletion. | Treatment of hypovolemia generally involves replenishing the lost volume. This is usually achieved through intravenous (IV) fluid resuscitation using crystalloids or blood products as necessary. Additionally, the underlying cause of the volume loss must be addressed to prevent further depletion. | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
* [[Blood plasma]] | * [[Blood plasma]] | ||
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* [[Diabetes insipidus]] | * [[Diabetes insipidus]] | ||
* [[Adrenal insufficiency]] | * [[Adrenal insufficiency]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
* Marx, John A.; Hockberger, Robert S.; Walls, Ron M. (2014). Rosen's Emergency Medicine - Concepts and Clinical Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-1455706051. | * Marx, John A.; Hockberger, Robert S.; Walls, Ron M. (2014). Rosen's Emergency Medicine - Concepts and Clinical Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-1455706051. | ||
* Doughty, Christine A. (2006). Acute Care Handbook for Physical Therapists. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-1416031970. | * Doughty, Christine A. (2006). Acute Care Handbook for Physical Therapists. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-1416031970. | ||
* Longo, D.L.; Fauci, A.S.; Kasper, D.L.; Hauser, S.L.; Jameson, J. L.; Loscalzo, J. (2012). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0071748896. | * Longo, D.L.; Fauci, A.S.; Kasper, D.L.; Hauser, S.L.; Jameson, J. L.; Loscalzo, J. (2012). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0071748896. | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
[[Hypovolemia - MedlinePlus]] | [[Hypovolemia - MedlinePlus]] | ||
Latest revision as of 03:58, 7 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Hypovolemia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Volume depletion, oligemia |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Tachycardia, hypotension, pallor, dizziness, confusion, weakness |
| Complications | Hypovolemic shock, organ failure |
| Onset | Sudden or gradual |
| Duration | Variable, depending on cause and treatment |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Hemorrhage, dehydration, burns, vomiting, diarrhea, diuretic use |
| Risks | Trauma, surgery, gastrointestinal bleeding, sepsis |
| Diagnosis | Physical examination, blood test, urinalysis, imaging studies |
| Differential diagnosis | Dehydration, heart failure, sepsis, anemia |
| Prevention | Adequate hydration, managing underlying conditions |
| Treatment | Fluid replacement therapy, blood transfusion, medications |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Good with prompt treatment, but can be life-threatening if untreated |
| Frequency | Common in emergency department settings |
| Deaths | N/A |
Hypovolemia, also known as volume depletion, is a state of decreased blood volume, specifically a reduction in the volume of blood plasma within the body. This condition can result in decreased oxygen delivery to organs and tissues and can lead to shock if left untreated.
Causes[edit]
- The most common causes of hypovolemia include:
- Acute blood loss, such as from trauma or surgery
- Dehydration from excessive sweating, vomiting, diarrhea, or burns
- Overuse of diuretics
- Endocrine disorders like diabetes insipidus or adrenal insufficiency
Symptoms[edit]
- Common symptoms of hypovolemia vary based on the severity and may include:
- Increased heart rate
- Low blood pressure
- Dizziness or lightheadedness, particularly upon standing
- Decreased urine output
- Pale, cool, and clammy skin
- Dry mouth or excessive thirst
- Fatigue or weakness
- In severe cases, hypovolemia may progress to shock, a life-threatening condition.
Diagnosis[edit]
Hypovolemia is typically diagnosed based on physical examination, medical history, and presenting symptoms. Diagnostic tests may include blood tests, urinalysis, or imaging studies like ultrasound to evaluate blood flow and organ function.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment of hypovolemia generally involves replenishing the lost volume. This is usually achieved through intravenous (IV) fluid resuscitation using crystalloids or blood products as necessary. Additionally, the underlying cause of the volume loss must be addressed to prevent further depletion.
See Also[edit]
References[edit]
- Marx, John A.; Hockberger, Robert S.; Walls, Ron M. (2014). Rosen's Emergency Medicine - Concepts and Clinical Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-1455706051.
- Doughty, Christine A. (2006). Acute Care Handbook for Physical Therapists. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-1416031970.
- Longo, D.L.; Fauci, A.S.; Kasper, D.L.; Hauser, S.L.; Jameson, J. L.; Loscalzo, J. (2012). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0071748896.
External Links[edit]
Hypovolemia - MedlinePlus Hypovolemic Shock - Mayo Clinic Hypovolemia - Medscape
