Lepromatous leprosy: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Lepromatous leprosy | |||
| image = [[File:Leonine_facies_(Lepromatous_Leprosy).jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Leonine facies in lepromatous leprosy | |||
| field = [[Infectious disease]] | |||
| synonyms = Multibacillary leprosy | |||
| symptoms = [[Skin lesions]], [[nodules]], [[nerve damage]], [[muscle weakness]], [[eye problems]] | |||
| complications = [[Peripheral neuropathy]], [[blindness]], [[deformities]] | |||
| onset = Gradual | |||
| duration = Chronic | |||
| causes = [[Mycobacterium leprae]] infection | |||
| risks = Close contact with untreated cases, genetic susceptibility | |||
| diagnosis = [[Skin biopsy]], [[slit-skin smear]], [[PCR]] | |||
| differential = [[Tuberculoid leprosy]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[cutaneous lymphoma]] | |||
| prevention = [[BCG vaccine]], early diagnosis and treatment | |||
| treatment = [[Multidrug therapy]] (MDT) with [[dapsone]], [[rifampicin]], and [[clofazimine]] | |||
| prognosis = Good with treatment, but nerve damage may be irreversible | |||
| frequency = Rare in developed countries, more common in tropical and subtropical regions | |||
}} | |||
'''Lepromatous leprosy''' is a form of [[leprosy]], also known as [[Hansen's disease]], characterized by a widespread presence of lesions and nodules on the skin. It is the most severe form of leprosy and is caused by the bacterium ''[[Mycobacterium leprae]]''. | '''Lepromatous leprosy''' is a form of [[leprosy]], also known as [[Hansen's disease]], characterized by a widespread presence of lesions and nodules on the skin. It is the most severe form of leprosy and is caused by the bacterium ''[[Mycobacterium leprae]]''. | ||
==Etiology== | ==Etiology== | ||
Lepromatous leprosy is caused by the bacterium ''Mycobacterium leprae'', an acid-fast, rod-shaped bacillus. The bacterium primarily affects the skin and peripheral nerves, but can also involve the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract and the eyes. | Lepromatous leprosy is caused by the bacterium ''Mycobacterium leprae'', an acid-fast, rod-shaped bacillus. The bacterium primarily affects the skin and peripheral nerves, but can also involve the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract and the eyes. | ||
==Pathogenesis== | ==Pathogenesis== | ||
In lepromatous leprosy, the immune response to ''Mycobacterium leprae'' is poor, allowing the bacteria to multiply freely within the skin and nerves. This results in widespread skin lesions and nerve damage. The disease is progressive and can lead to significant disability and disfigurement if not treated early. | In lepromatous leprosy, the immune response to ''Mycobacterium leprae'' is poor, allowing the bacteria to multiply freely within the skin and nerves. This results in widespread skin lesions and nerve damage. The disease is progressive and can lead to significant disability and disfigurement if not treated early. | ||
==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
The clinical features of lepromatous leprosy include widespread skin lesions that are often symmetrically distributed. The lesions can be nodules, plaques, or infiltrated areas of skin. The lesions are typically not painful and do not itch. Other symptoms can include muscle weakness, numbness, and eye problems. | The clinical features of lepromatous leprosy include widespread skin lesions that are often symmetrically distributed. The lesions can be nodules, plaques, or infiltrated areas of skin. The lesions are typically not painful and do not itch. Other symptoms can include muscle weakness, numbness, and eye problems. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
The diagnosis of lepromatous leprosy is typically made based on the clinical features and confirmed by a skin biopsy. The biopsy will show a large number of ''Mycobacterium leprae'' bacteria. | The diagnosis of lepromatous leprosy is typically made based on the clinical features and confirmed by a skin biopsy. The biopsy will show a large number of ''Mycobacterium leprae'' bacteria. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
The treatment for lepromatous leprosy involves a combination of antibiotics, typically [[dapsone]], [[rifampicin]], and [[clofazimine]]. This treatment regimen is often referred to as multidrug therapy (MDT). Treatment is usually required for a period of 12 months. | The treatment for lepromatous leprosy involves a combination of antibiotics, typically [[dapsone]], [[rifampicin]], and [[clofazimine]]. This treatment regimen is often referred to as multidrug therapy (MDT). Treatment is usually required for a period of 12 months. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the prognosis for lepromatous leprosy is good. However, if left untreated, the disease can lead to significant disability and disfigurement. | With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the prognosis for lepromatous leprosy is good. However, if left untreated, the disease can lead to significant disability and disfigurement. | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
* [[Tuberculoid leprosy]] | * [[Tuberculoid leprosy]] | ||
* [[Borderline leprosy]] | * [[Borderline leprosy]] | ||
* [[Leprosy]] | * [[Leprosy]] | ||
[[Category:Leprosy]] | [[Category:Leprosy]] | ||
[[Category:Infectious diseases]] | [[Category:Infectious diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Bacterial diseases]] | [[Category:Bacterial diseases]] | ||
{{Infectious-disease-stub}} | {{Infectious-disease-stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 21:29, 6 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Lepromatous leprosy | |
|---|---|
.jpg)
| |
| Synonyms | Multibacillary leprosy |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Skin lesions, nodules, nerve damage, muscle weakness, eye problems |
| Complications | Peripheral neuropathy, blindness, deformities |
| Onset | Gradual |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Mycobacterium leprae infection |
| Risks | Close contact with untreated cases, genetic susceptibility |
| Diagnosis | Skin biopsy, slit-skin smear, PCR |
| Differential diagnosis | Tuberculoid leprosy, sarcoidosis, cutaneous lymphoma |
| Prevention | BCG vaccine, early diagnosis and treatment |
| Treatment | Multidrug therapy (MDT) with dapsone, rifampicin, and clofazimine |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Good with treatment, but nerve damage may be irreversible |
| Frequency | Rare in developed countries, more common in tropical and subtropical regions |
| Deaths | N/A |
Lepromatous leprosy is a form of leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, characterized by a widespread presence of lesions and nodules on the skin. It is the most severe form of leprosy and is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae.
Etiology[edit]
Lepromatous leprosy is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae, an acid-fast, rod-shaped bacillus. The bacterium primarily affects the skin and peripheral nerves, but can also involve the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract and the eyes.
Pathogenesis[edit]
In lepromatous leprosy, the immune response to Mycobacterium leprae is poor, allowing the bacteria to multiply freely within the skin and nerves. This results in widespread skin lesions and nerve damage. The disease is progressive and can lead to significant disability and disfigurement if not treated early.
Clinical Features[edit]
The clinical features of lepromatous leprosy include widespread skin lesions that are often symmetrically distributed. The lesions can be nodules, plaques, or infiltrated areas of skin. The lesions are typically not painful and do not itch. Other symptoms can include muscle weakness, numbness, and eye problems.
Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis of lepromatous leprosy is typically made based on the clinical features and confirmed by a skin biopsy. The biopsy will show a large number of Mycobacterium leprae bacteria.
Treatment[edit]
The treatment for lepromatous leprosy involves a combination of antibiotics, typically dapsone, rifampicin, and clofazimine. This treatment regimen is often referred to as multidrug therapy (MDT). Treatment is usually required for a period of 12 months.
Prognosis[edit]
With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the prognosis for lepromatous leprosy is good. However, if left untreated, the disease can lead to significant disability and disfigurement.
See Also[edit]
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