Pancytopenia: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
== | | name = Pancytopenia | ||
| image = [[File:Red_White_Blood_cells.png|250px]] | |||
[[ | | caption = Blood smear showing red and white blood cells | ||
| field = [[Hematology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Fatigue]], [[pallor]], [[dyspnea]], [[bruising]], [[bleeding]], [[infection]] | |||
| complications = [[Severe infection]], [[hemorrhage]] | |||
| onset = Varies depending on cause | |||
| duration = Varies | |||
| causes = [[Bone marrow failure]], [[autoimmune disorders]], [[chemotherapy]], [[radiation therapy]], [[aplastic anemia]], [[leukemia]], [[myelodysplastic syndrome]], [[HIV/AIDS]], [[lupus]] | |||
| risks = [[Exposure to toxins]], [[certain medications]], [[viral infections]], [[genetic predisposition]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Complete blood count]], [[bone marrow biopsy]], [[flow cytometry]], [[cytogenetic analysis]] | |||
| differential = [[Anemia]], [[leukopenia]], [[thrombocytopenia]], [[myelofibrosis]] | |||
| treatment = [[Blood transfusion]], [[bone marrow transplant]], [[immunosuppressive therapy]], [[growth factors]], [[antibiotics]] | |||
| prognosis = Depends on underlying cause and treatment | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
'''Pancytopenia''' is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal reduction in all types of blood cells, including red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets. This condition can be associated with various underlying disorders, including bone marrow tumors and aplastic anemia. | '''Pancytopenia''' is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal reduction in all types of blood cells, including red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets. This condition can be associated with various underlying disorders, including bone marrow tumors and aplastic anemia. | ||
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== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
Pancytopenia can result from a variety of causes: | Pancytopenia can result from a variety of causes: | ||
* [[Aplastic Anemia]]: A condition where the bone marrow fails to produce sufficient new cells. | * [[Aplastic Anemia]]: A condition where the bone marrow fails to produce sufficient new cells. | ||
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* Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy: Used to treat cancer, these therapies can affect bone marrow function. | * Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy: Used to treat cancer, these therapies can affect bone marrow function. | ||
* Autoimmune Disorders: That may attack blood-forming cells in the bone marrow. | * Autoimmune Disorders: That may attack blood-forming cells in the bone marrow. | ||
== Types == | == Types == | ||
Depending on the underlying cause, pancytopenia can be: | Depending on the underlying cause, pancytopenia can be: | ||
* Acute: Rapid onset, often related to severe conditions like leukemia. | * Acute: Rapid onset, often related to severe conditions like leukemia. | ||
* Chronic: Slow development, may be due to long-term diseases or medications. | * Chronic: Slow development, may be due to long-term diseases or medications. | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
Symptoms of pancytopenia may include: | Symptoms of pancytopenia may include: | ||
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* Increased susceptibility to infections (due to leukopenia) | * Increased susceptibility to infections (due to leukopenia) | ||
* Easy bruising or bleeding (due to thrombocytopenia) | * Easy bruising or bleeding (due to thrombocytopenia) | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
[[File:Bone marrow biopsy.jpg|thumb|Bone marrow biopsy, a diagnostic procedure for pancytopenia.]] | [[File:Bone marrow biopsy.jpg|thumb|Bone marrow biopsy, a diagnostic procedure for pancytopenia.]] | ||
Diagnosis of pancytopenia involves: | Diagnosis of pancytopenia involves: | ||
* Complete Blood Count (CBC) tests | * Complete Blood Count (CBC) tests | ||
* Bone marrow biopsy and aspiration | * Bone marrow biopsy and aspiration | ||
* Additional tests to determine the underlying cause | * Additional tests to determine the underlying cause | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment for pancytopenia focuses on the underlying cause and may include: | Treatment for pancytopenia focuses on the underlying cause and may include: | ||
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* Bone marrow transplant for conditions like aplastic anemia | * Bone marrow transplant for conditions like aplastic anemia | ||
* Treatment of underlying cancers or autoimmune disorders | * Treatment of underlying cancers or autoimmune disorders | ||
== External Links == | == External Links == | ||
* [https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aplastic-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355015 Mayo Clinic - Aplastic Anemia] | * [https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aplastic-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355015 Mayo Clinic - Aplastic Anemia] | ||
* [https://www.cancer.org/cancer/leukemia.html American Cancer Society - Leukemia] | * [https://www.cancer.org/cancer/leukemia.html American Cancer Society - Leukemia] | ||
[[Category:Hematology]] | [[Category:Hematology]] | ||
[[Category:Blood Disorders]] | [[Category:Blood Disorders]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 07:15, 6 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Pancytopenia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Fatigue, pallor, dyspnea, bruising, bleeding, infection |
| Complications | Severe infection, hemorrhage |
| Onset | Varies depending on cause |
| Duration | Varies |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Bone marrow failure, autoimmune disorders, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, aplastic anemia, leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, HIV/AIDS, lupus |
| Risks | Exposure to toxins, certain medications, viral infections, genetic predisposition |
| Diagnosis | Complete blood count, bone marrow biopsy, flow cytometry, cytogenetic analysis |
| Differential diagnosis | Anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, myelofibrosis |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Blood transfusion, bone marrow transplant, immunosuppressive therapy, growth factors, antibiotics |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Depends on underlying cause and treatment |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Pancytopenia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal reduction in all types of blood cells, including red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets. This condition can be associated with various underlying disorders, including bone marrow tumors and aplastic anemia.
Causes[edit]
Pancytopenia can result from a variety of causes:
- Aplastic Anemia: A condition where the bone marrow fails to produce sufficient new cells.
- Bone Marrow Tumors: Such as leukemia, which can disrupt normal blood cell production.
- Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy: Used to treat cancer, these therapies can affect bone marrow function.
- Autoimmune Disorders: That may attack blood-forming cells in the bone marrow.
Types[edit]
Depending on the underlying cause, pancytopenia can be:
- Acute: Rapid onset, often related to severe conditions like leukemia.
- Chronic: Slow development, may be due to long-term diseases or medications.
Symptoms[edit]
Symptoms of pancytopenia may include:
- Fatigue and weakness (due to anemia)
- Increased susceptibility to infections (due to leukopenia)
- Easy bruising or bleeding (due to thrombocytopenia)
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of pancytopenia involves:
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) tests
- Bone marrow biopsy and aspiration
- Additional tests to determine the underlying cause
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for pancytopenia focuses on the underlying cause and may include:
- Blood transfusions
- Bone marrow transplant for conditions like aplastic anemia
- Treatment of underlying cancers or autoimmune disorders
