Phycomycosis: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Phycomycosis | |||
| image = [[File:Pythiosis_2.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Histopathological image showing features of phycomycosis | |||
| field = [[Infectious disease]] | |||
| synonyms = [[Zygomycosis]], [[Mucormycosis]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Fever]], [[skin lesions]], [[sinusitis]], [[pulmonary infection]], [[gastrointestinal infection]] | |||
| complications = [[Tissue necrosis]], [[organ failure]], [[sepsis]] | |||
| onset = Rapid | |||
| duration = Variable | |||
| causes = [[Fungal infection]] by [[Zygomycetes]] | |||
| risks = [[Diabetes mellitus]], [[immunocompromised state]], [[iron overload]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Histopathology]], [[culture]], [[PCR]] | |||
| differential = [[Aspergillosis]], [[Candidiasis]], [[Bacterial infection]] | |||
| prevention = [[Avoidance of exposure]], [[control of underlying conditions]] | |||
| treatment = [[Antifungal medication]], [[surgical debridement]] | |||
| medication = [[Amphotericin B]], [[Posaconazole]], [[Isavuconazole]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, often poor without treatment | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
'''Phycomycosis''' is a type of [[fungal infection]] that affects both humans and animals. It is caused by various species of fungi in the order [[Mucorales]]. The disease is characterized by the formation of large, non-healing ulcers, often with a necrotic center and raised, indurated margins. | '''Phycomycosis''' is a type of [[fungal infection]] that affects both humans and animals. It is caused by various species of fungi in the order [[Mucorales]]. The disease is characterized by the formation of large, non-healing ulcers, often with a necrotic center and raised, indurated margins. | ||
==Etiology== | ==Etiology== | ||
Phycomycosis is caused by various species of fungi in the order Mucorales. These fungi are ubiquitous in the environment and are commonly found in soil, decaying organic matter, and the gastrointestinal tract of animals. Infection usually occurs through inhalation of fungal spores or direct inoculation into the skin or mucous membranes. | Phycomycosis is caused by various species of fungi in the order Mucorales. These fungi are ubiquitous in the environment and are commonly found in soil, decaying organic matter, and the gastrointestinal tract of animals. Infection usually occurs through inhalation of fungal spores or direct inoculation into the skin or mucous membranes. | ||
==Clinical Presentation== | ==Clinical Presentation== | ||
The clinical presentation of phycomycosis can vary depending on the site of infection. Cutaneous phycomycosis presents as large, non-healing ulcers, often with a necrotic center and raised, indurated margins. Pulmonary phycomycosis can present with cough, fever, and hemoptysis. Gastrointestinal phycomycosis can present with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. | The clinical presentation of phycomycosis can vary depending on the site of infection. Cutaneous phycomycosis presents as large, non-healing ulcers, often with a necrotic center and raised, indurated margins. Pulmonary phycomycosis can present with cough, fever, and hemoptysis. Gastrointestinal phycomycosis can present with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of phycomycosis is based on clinical presentation, histopathological examination, and culture of the fungus. Histopathological examination typically shows broad, non-septate hyphae with right-angle branching. Culture of the fungus can be performed on Sabouraud's agar. | Diagnosis of phycomycosis is based on clinical presentation, histopathological examination, and culture of the fungus. Histopathological examination typically shows broad, non-septate hyphae with right-angle branching. Culture of the fungus can be performed on Sabouraud's agar. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment of phycomycosis involves surgical debridement of the infected tissue and antifungal therapy. The antifungal drug of choice is amphotericin B. In severe cases, combination therapy with other antifungal drugs may be required. | Treatment of phycomycosis involves surgical debridement of the infected tissue and antifungal therapy. The antifungal drug of choice is amphotericin B. In severe cases, combination therapy with other antifungal drugs may be required. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis of phycomycosis is generally poor, especially in immunocompromised patients. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment can improve the prognosis. | The prognosis of phycomycosis is generally poor, especially in immunocompromised patients. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment can improve the prognosis. | ||
==Gallery== | |||
<gallery> | |||
File:Pythiosis_hyphae.jpg|Hyphae of Pythium insidiosum | |||
File:Mature_sporangium_of_a_Mucor_sp._fungus.jpg|Mature sporangium of a Mucor species fungus | |||
</gallery> | |||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
* [[Mucormycosis]] | * [[Mucormycosis]] | ||
* [[Zygomycosis]] | * [[Zygomycosis]] | ||
* [[Fungal infection]] | * [[Fungal infection]] | ||
* [[Amphotericin B]] | * [[Amphotericin B]] | ||
[[Category:Infectious diseases]] | [[Category:Infectious diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Mycology]] | [[Category:Mycology]] | ||
[[Category:Veterinary medicine]] | [[Category:Veterinary medicine]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 06:21, 6 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Phycomycosis | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Zygomycosis, Mucormycosis |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Fever, skin lesions, sinusitis, pulmonary infection, gastrointestinal infection |
| Complications | Tissue necrosis, organ failure, sepsis |
| Onset | Rapid |
| Duration | Variable |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Fungal infection by Zygomycetes |
| Risks | Diabetes mellitus, immunocompromised state, iron overload |
| Diagnosis | Histopathology, culture, PCR |
| Differential diagnosis | Aspergillosis, Candidiasis, Bacterial infection |
| Prevention | Avoidance of exposure, control of underlying conditions |
| Treatment | Antifungal medication, surgical debridement |
| Medication | Amphotericin B, Posaconazole, Isavuconazole |
| Prognosis | Variable, often poor without treatment |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Phycomycosis is a type of fungal infection that affects both humans and animals. It is caused by various species of fungi in the order Mucorales. The disease is characterized by the formation of large, non-healing ulcers, often with a necrotic center and raised, indurated margins.
Etiology[edit]
Phycomycosis is caused by various species of fungi in the order Mucorales. These fungi are ubiquitous in the environment and are commonly found in soil, decaying organic matter, and the gastrointestinal tract of animals. Infection usually occurs through inhalation of fungal spores or direct inoculation into the skin or mucous membranes.
Clinical Presentation[edit]
The clinical presentation of phycomycosis can vary depending on the site of infection. Cutaneous phycomycosis presents as large, non-healing ulcers, often with a necrotic center and raised, indurated margins. Pulmonary phycomycosis can present with cough, fever, and hemoptysis. Gastrointestinal phycomycosis can present with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of phycomycosis is based on clinical presentation, histopathological examination, and culture of the fungus. Histopathological examination typically shows broad, non-septate hyphae with right-angle branching. Culture of the fungus can be performed on Sabouraud's agar.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment of phycomycosis involves surgical debridement of the infected tissue and antifungal therapy. The antifungal drug of choice is amphotericin B. In severe cases, combination therapy with other antifungal drugs may be required.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis of phycomycosis is generally poor, especially in immunocompromised patients. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment can improve the prognosis.
Gallery[edit]
-
Hyphae of Pythium insidiosum -
Mature sporangium of a Mucor species fungus
