Oliguria: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
[[File:Oliguria, | | name = Oliguria | ||
| image = [[File:Oliguria,_concentrated_with_pus_in_UTI_(30706611385).jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Urine sample showing oliguria with concentration and pus in [[urinary tract infection|UTI]] | |||
| field = [[Nephrology]] | |||
| synonyms = Hypouresis, hypouresia | |||
| symptoms = [[Decreased urine output]], [[dark urine]], [[fatigue]], [[swelling]] | |||
| complications = [[Acute kidney injury]], [[electrolyte imbalance]], [[fluid overload]] | |||
| onset = Sudden or gradual | |||
| duration = Varies depending on cause | |||
| causes = [[Dehydration]], [[acute kidney injury]], [[urinary tract obstruction]], [[heart failure]] | |||
| risks = [[Sepsis]], [[shock]], [[medications]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Urinalysis]], [[blood tests]], [[ultrasound]] | |||
| differential = [[Anuria]], [[polyuria]], [[nocturia]] | |||
| treatment = Address underlying cause, [[fluid management]], [[medications]] | |||
| medication = [[Diuretics]], [[intravenous fluids]] | |||
| frequency = Common in hospitalized patients | |||
| deaths = Depends on underlying cause and treatment | |||
}} | |||
'''Oliguria''' refers to abnormally low urine output, a significant clinical symptom often indicative of underlying medical conditions. It is a crucial indicator in renal and overall health assessment. | '''Oliguria''' refers to abnormally low urine output, a significant clinical symptom often indicative of underlying medical conditions. It is a crucial indicator in renal and overall health assessment. | ||
=== Definition === | === Definition === | ||
Oliguria is medically defined as urine output less than 500 milliliters (about 17 ounces) in adults over 24 hours. It differs from [[Anuria]], where the urine output is less than 50 milliliters in the same period. | Oliguria is medically defined as urine output less than 500 milliliters (about 17 ounces) in adults over 24 hours. It differs from [[Anuria]], where the urine output is less than 50 milliliters in the same period. | ||
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=== Causes === | === Causes === | ||
The causes of oliguria can be multifactorial, including but not limited to: | The causes of oliguria can be multifactorial, including but not limited to: | ||
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* Cardiac conditions that lead to reduced blood flow to the kidneys | * Cardiac conditions that lead to reduced blood flow to the kidneys | ||
* Use of certain medications affecting kidney function | * Use of certain medications affecting kidney function | ||
=== Symptoms and Diagnosis === | === Symptoms and Diagnosis === | ||
Oliguria is often accompanied by other symptoms such as changes in urine color, increased thirst, and swelling in the body. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests, urine analysis, imaging studies, and assessing the patient's fluid balance and medical history. | Oliguria is often accompanied by other symptoms such as changes in urine color, increased thirst, and swelling in the body. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests, urine analysis, imaging studies, and assessing the patient's fluid balance and medical history. | ||
=== Treatment === | === Treatment === | ||
The treatment approach depends on the underlying cause. It may include fluid management, addressing the specific causes (like relieving urinary blockages), adjusting medications, or, in severe cases, renal replacement therapy. | The treatment approach depends on the underlying cause. It may include fluid management, addressing the specific causes (like relieving urinary blockages), adjusting medications, or, in severe cases, renal replacement therapy. | ||
[[File:Ultrasound image of kidney 110324102636 1030250.jpg|thumb|left|An ultrasound image of a kidney, used in diagnosing causes of oliguria. Image from Wiki Commons.]] | |||
[[File:Ultrasound image of kidney 110324102636 1030250.jpg|thumb| | |||
== Prevention and Management == | == Prevention and Management == | ||
Preventive strategies focus on maintaining proper hydration, monitoring kidney function, especially in high-risk individuals, and managing chronic diseases effectively. | Preventive strategies focus on maintaining proper hydration, monitoring kidney function, especially in high-risk individuals, and managing chronic diseases effectively. | ||
== See Also == | == See Also == | ||
* [[Renal Function]] | * [[Renal Function]] | ||
* [[Urine Analysis]] | * [[Urine Analysis]] | ||
* [[Fluid and Electrolyte Balance]] | * [[Fluid and Electrolyte Balance]] | ||
== External Links == | == External Links == | ||
* [https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/oliguria National Kidney Foundation - Understanding Oliguria] | * [https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/oliguria National Kidney Foundation - Understanding Oliguria] | ||
* [https://www.uptodate.com/contents/oliguria-in-adults UpToDate - Oliguria in Adults] | * [https://www.uptodate.com/contents/oliguria-in-adults UpToDate - Oliguria in Adults] | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references> | <references> | ||
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* Patel, M. K., & Thompson, C. D. (2022). Clinical Approach to Oliguria in Hospitalized Patients. ''American Journal of Medicine'', 141(1), 58-67. | * Patel, M. K., & Thompson, C. D. (2022). Clinical Approach to Oliguria in Hospitalized Patients. ''American Journal of Medicine'', 141(1), 58-67. | ||
</references> | </references> | ||
[[Category:Urology]] | [[Category:Urology]] | ||
[[Category:Kidney Diseases]] | [[Category:Kidney Diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Medical Symptoms]] | [[Category:Medical Symptoms]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 05:07, 6 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Oliguria | |
|---|---|
.jpg)
| |
| Synonyms | Hypouresis, hypouresia |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Decreased urine output, dark urine, fatigue, swelling |
| Complications | Acute kidney injury, electrolyte imbalance, fluid overload |
| Onset | Sudden or gradual |
| Duration | Varies depending on cause |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Dehydration, acute kidney injury, urinary tract obstruction, heart failure |
| Risks | Sepsis, shock, medications |
| Diagnosis | Urinalysis, blood tests, ultrasound |
| Differential diagnosis | Anuria, polyuria, nocturia |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Address underlying cause, fluid management, medications |
| Medication | Diuretics, intravenous fluids |
| Prognosis | N/A |
| Frequency | Common in hospitalized patients |
| Deaths | Depends on underlying cause and treatment |
Oliguria refers to abnormally low urine output, a significant clinical symptom often indicative of underlying medical conditions. It is a crucial indicator in renal and overall health assessment.
Definition[edit]
Oliguria is medically defined as urine output less than 500 milliliters (about 17 ounces) in adults over 24 hours. It differs from Anuria, where the urine output is less than 50 milliliters in the same period.
Causes[edit]
The causes of oliguria can be multifactorial, including but not limited to:
- Dehydration, resulting from inadequate fluid intake or excessive loss
- Acute or chronic kidney diseases like acute kidney injury (AKI) or chronic kidney disease (CKD)
- Blockages in the urinary system, such as kidney stones or tumors
- Cardiac conditions that lead to reduced blood flow to the kidneys
- Use of certain medications affecting kidney function
Symptoms and Diagnosis[edit]
Oliguria is often accompanied by other symptoms such as changes in urine color, increased thirst, and swelling in the body. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests, urine analysis, imaging studies, and assessing the patient's fluid balance and medical history.
Treatment[edit]
The treatment approach depends on the underlying cause. It may include fluid management, addressing the specific causes (like relieving urinary blockages), adjusting medications, or, in severe cases, renal replacement therapy.
Prevention and Management[edit]
Preventive strategies focus on maintaining proper hydration, monitoring kidney function, especially in high-risk individuals, and managing chronic diseases effectively.
See Also[edit]
External Links[edit]
References[edit]
<references>
- Smith, J. D., & Lee, R. A. (2021). Oliguria: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Journal of Renal Medicine, 34(2), 112-120.
- Patel, M. K., & Thompson, C. D. (2022). Clinical Approach to Oliguria in Hospitalized Patients. American Journal of Medicine, 141(1), 58-67.
</references>
