Acquired hand deformity: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Acquired hand deformity | |||
| image = [[File:Osteoarthritis_in_the_left_hand_index_finger.jpg|thumb|Osteoarthritis in the left hand index finger]] | |||
| alt = | |||
| caption = Osteoarthritis in the left hand index finger | |||
| field = [[Orthopedics]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Pain]], [[swelling]], [[stiffness]], [[limited range of motion]] | |||
| complications = [[Functional impairment]], [[chronic pain]] | |||
| onset = Varies depending on cause | |||
| duration = Chronic | |||
| causes = [[Trauma]], [[arthritis]], [[neurological disorders]], [[Dupuytren's contracture]] | |||
| risks = [[Repetitive strain]], [[aging]], [[genetic predisposition]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Physical examination]], [[imaging studies]] | |||
| differential = [[Congenital hand deformity]], [[rheumatoid arthritis]] | |||
| prevention = Avoidance of risk factors, [[ergonomic adjustments]] | |||
| treatment = [[Physical therapy]], [[surgery]], [[medication]] | |||
| prognosis = Varies; depends on cause and treatment | |||
| frequency = Common in older adults | |||
}} | |||
{{Short description|Overview of acquired hand deformities}} | {{Short description|Overview of acquired hand deformities}} | ||
==Acquired Hand Deformity== | ==Acquired Hand Deformity== | ||
An '''acquired hand deformity''' refers to any abnormality in the structure or function of the hand that develops after birth. These deformities can result from a variety of causes, including [[trauma]], [[arthritis]], [[nerve damage]], and other medical conditions. They can significantly impact a person's ability to perform daily activities and may require medical or surgical intervention. | An '''acquired hand deformity''' refers to any abnormality in the structure or function of the hand that develops after birth. These deformities can result from a variety of causes, including [[trauma]], [[arthritis]], [[nerve damage]], and other medical conditions. They can significantly impact a person's ability to perform daily activities and may require medical or surgical intervention. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Acquired hand deformities can arise from several underlying conditions: | Acquired hand deformities can arise from several underlying conditions: | ||
===Trauma=== | ===Trauma=== | ||
Traumatic injuries to the hand, such as fractures, dislocations, or severe lacerations, can lead to deformities if not properly treated. These injuries may result in malalignment of bones or damage to tendons and ligaments. | Traumatic injuries to the hand, such as fractures, dislocations, or severe lacerations, can lead to deformities if not properly treated. These injuries may result in malalignment of bones or damage to tendons and ligaments. | ||
===Arthritis=== | ===Arthritis=== | ||
[[Osteoarthritis]] and [[rheumatoid arthritis]] are common causes of hand deformities. Osteoarthritis leads to the degeneration of joint cartilage, while rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition that causes inflammation of the joints. | [[Osteoarthritis]] and [[rheumatoid arthritis]] are common causes of hand deformities. Osteoarthritis leads to the degeneration of joint cartilage, while rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition that causes inflammation of the joints. | ||
===Nerve Damage=== | ===Nerve Damage=== | ||
Damage to the nerves supplying the hand, such as the [[ulnar nerve]] or [[median nerve]], can result in deformities. For example, ulnar nerve damage can lead to an [[ulnar claw]] deformity. | Damage to the nerves supplying the hand, such as the [[ulnar nerve]] or [[median nerve]], can result in deformities. For example, ulnar nerve damage can lead to an [[ulnar claw]] deformity. | ||
[[File:Ulnar_claw_hand.JPG|Ulnar claw hand|thumb|left]] | [[File:Ulnar_claw_hand.JPG|Ulnar claw hand|thumb|left]] | ||
===Tendon Injuries=== | ===Tendon Injuries=== | ||
Injuries to the tendons, such as a [[mallet finger]] or [[swan neck deformity]], can cause characteristic deformities of the fingers. | Injuries to the tendons, such as a [[mallet finger]] or [[swan neck deformity]], can cause characteristic deformities of the fingers. | ||
[[File:Mallet_Finger_Injury.jpg|Mallet Finger Injury|thumb|left]] | |||
[[File:Mallet_Finger_Injury.jpg|Mallet Finger Injury|thumb| | |||
===Other Conditions=== | ===Other Conditions=== | ||
Other conditions, such as [[Dupuytren's contracture]], can also lead to acquired hand deformities. This condition involves the thickening and shortening of the palmar fascia, leading to flexion deformities of the fingers. | Other conditions, such as [[Dupuytren's contracture]], can also lead to acquired hand deformities. This condition involves the thickening and shortening of the palmar fascia, leading to flexion deformities of the fingers. | ||
==Types of Deformities== | ==Types of Deformities== | ||
===Mallet Finger=== | ===Mallet Finger=== | ||
Mallet finger is a deformity caused by the rupture or avulsion of the extensor tendon at the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint, leading to an inability to extend the fingertip. | Mallet finger is a deformity caused by the rupture or avulsion of the extensor tendon at the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint, leading to an inability to extend the fingertip. | ||
===Swan Neck Deformity=== | ===Swan Neck Deformity=== | ||
Swan neck deformity is characterized by hyperextension of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint and flexion of the DIP joint. It is commonly associated with rheumatoid arthritis. | Swan neck deformity is characterized by hyperextension of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint and flexion of the DIP joint. It is commonly associated with rheumatoid arthritis. | ||
[[File:Swan_neck_deformity_in_a_65_year_old_Rheumatoid_Arthritis_patient-_2014-05-27_01-49.jpg|Swan neck deformity in a 65-year-old Rheumatoid Arthritis patient|thumb|left]] | [[File:Swan_neck_deformity_in_a_65_year_old_Rheumatoid_Arthritis_patient-_2014-05-27_01-49.jpg|Swan neck deformity in a 65-year-old Rheumatoid Arthritis patient|thumb|left]] | ||
===Boutonnière Deformity=== | |||
=== | Boutonnière deformity involves flexion of the PIP joint and hyperextension of the DIP joint. It can result from injury or rheumatoid arthritis. | ||
===Ulnar Claw=== | ===Ulnar Claw=== | ||
Ulnar claw is a deformity resulting from ulnar nerve damage, characterized by hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints and flexion of the interphalangeal joints of the fourth and fifth fingers. | Ulnar claw is a deformity resulting from ulnar nerve damage, characterized by hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints and flexion of the interphalangeal joints of the fourth and fifth fingers. | ||
===Rheumatoid Hand=== | ===Rheumatoid Hand=== | ||
Rheumatoid arthritis can lead to various hand deformities, including ulnar deviation of the fingers, swan neck deformities, and | Rheumatoid arthritis can lead to various hand deformities, including ulnar deviation of the fingers, swan neck deformities, and boutonnière deformities. | ||
[[File:Rheumatoid_Arthritis_Hands.jpg|Rheumatoid Arthritis Hands|thumb|left]] | |||
[[File:Rheumatoid_Arthritis_Hands.jpg|Rheumatoid Arthritis Hands|thumb| | |||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of acquired hand deformities involves a thorough clinical examination, patient history, and imaging studies such as [[X-rays]] or [[MRI]] to assess the extent of bone and soft tissue involvement. | Diagnosis of acquired hand deformities involves a thorough clinical examination, patient history, and imaging studies such as [[X-rays]] or [[MRI]] to assess the extent of bone and soft tissue involvement. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and severity of the deformity. They may include: | Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and severity of the deformity. They may include: | ||
* [[Physical therapy]] to improve function and strength. | * [[Physical therapy]] to improve function and strength. | ||
* [[Splinting]] to support and align the hand. | * [[Splinting]] to support and align the hand. | ||
* [[Medications]] such as anti-inflammatory drugs for arthritis. | * [[Medications]] such as anti-inflammatory drugs for arthritis. | ||
* [[Surgery]] to correct structural abnormalities or repair damaged tissues. | * [[Surgery]] to correct structural abnormalities or repair damaged tissues. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis for acquired hand deformities varies based on the cause and treatment. Early intervention often leads to better outcomes, while delayed treatment may result in permanent functional impairment. | The prognosis for acquired hand deformities varies based on the cause and treatment. Early intervention often leads to better outcomes, while delayed treatment may result in permanent functional impairment. | ||
==See also== | |||
== | |||
* [[Hand surgery]] | * [[Hand surgery]] | ||
* [[Orthopedic surgery]] | * [[Orthopedic surgery]] | ||
* [[Rheumatology]] | * [[Rheumatology]] | ||
* [[Physical therapy]] | * [[Physical therapy]] | ||
[[Category:Hand deformities]] | [[Category:Hand deformities]] | ||
[[Category:Musculoskeletal disorders]] | [[Category:Musculoskeletal disorders]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:49, 5 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Acquired hand deformity | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Pain, swelling, stiffness, limited range of motion |
| Complications | Functional impairment, chronic pain |
| Onset | Varies depending on cause |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Trauma, arthritis, neurological disorders, Dupuytren's contracture |
| Risks | Repetitive strain, aging, genetic predisposition |
| Diagnosis | Physical examination, imaging studies |
| Differential diagnosis | Congenital hand deformity, rheumatoid arthritis |
| Prevention | Avoidance of risk factors, ergonomic adjustments |
| Treatment | Physical therapy, surgery, medication |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Varies; depends on cause and treatment |
| Frequency | Common in older adults |
| Deaths | N/A |
Overview of acquired hand deformities
Acquired Hand Deformity[edit]
An acquired hand deformity refers to any abnormality in the structure or function of the hand that develops after birth. These deformities can result from a variety of causes, including trauma, arthritis, nerve damage, and other medical conditions. They can significantly impact a person's ability to perform daily activities and may require medical or surgical intervention.
Causes[edit]
Acquired hand deformities can arise from several underlying conditions:
Trauma[edit]
Traumatic injuries to the hand, such as fractures, dislocations, or severe lacerations, can lead to deformities if not properly treated. These injuries may result in malalignment of bones or damage to tendons and ligaments.
Arthritis[edit]
Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are common causes of hand deformities. Osteoarthritis leads to the degeneration of joint cartilage, while rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition that causes inflammation of the joints.
Nerve Damage[edit]
Damage to the nerves supplying the hand, such as the ulnar nerve or median nerve, can result in deformities. For example, ulnar nerve damage can lead to an ulnar claw deformity.
Tendon Injuries[edit]
Injuries to the tendons, such as a mallet finger or swan neck deformity, can cause characteristic deformities of the fingers.
Other Conditions[edit]
Other conditions, such as Dupuytren's contracture, can also lead to acquired hand deformities. This condition involves the thickening and shortening of the palmar fascia, leading to flexion deformities of the fingers.
Types of Deformities[edit]
Mallet Finger[edit]
Mallet finger is a deformity caused by the rupture or avulsion of the extensor tendon at the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint, leading to an inability to extend the fingertip.
Swan Neck Deformity[edit]
Swan neck deformity is characterized by hyperextension of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint and flexion of the DIP joint. It is commonly associated with rheumatoid arthritis.
Boutonnière Deformity[edit]
Boutonnière deformity involves flexion of the PIP joint and hyperextension of the DIP joint. It can result from injury or rheumatoid arthritis.
Ulnar Claw[edit]
Ulnar claw is a deformity resulting from ulnar nerve damage, characterized by hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints and flexion of the interphalangeal joints of the fourth and fifth fingers.
Rheumatoid Hand[edit]
Rheumatoid arthritis can lead to various hand deformities, including ulnar deviation of the fingers, swan neck deformities, and boutonnière deformities.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of acquired hand deformities involves a thorough clinical examination, patient history, and imaging studies such as X-rays or MRI to assess the extent of bone and soft tissue involvement.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and severity of the deformity. They may include:
- Physical therapy to improve function and strength.
- Splinting to support and align the hand.
- Medications such as anti-inflammatory drugs for arthritis.
- Surgery to correct structural abnormalities or repair damaged tissues.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for acquired hand deformities varies based on the cause and treatment. Early intervention often leads to better outcomes, while delayed treatment may result in permanent functional impairment.
