Congenital cataract: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Congenital cataract | |||
| image = [[File:Cataracts_due_to_Congenital_Rubella_Syndrome_(CRS)_PHIL_4284_lores.jpg]] | |||
| caption = Cataracts due to Congenital Rubella Syndrome | |||
| field = [[Ophthalmology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Cloudy vision]], [[blurred vision]], [[nystagmus]], [[strabismus]] | |||
| complications = [[Amblyopia]], [[glaucoma]], [[blindness]] | |||
| onset = At birth | |||
| duration = Lifelong | |||
| causes = [[Genetic disorders]], [[intrauterine infections]], [[metabolic disorders]] | |||
| risks = [[Family history]], [[maternal infections]] during pregnancy | |||
| diagnosis = [[Ophthalmic examination]], [[slit lamp examination]], [[ultrasound]] | |||
| differential = [[Retinoblastoma]], [[persistent fetal vasculature]], [[retinopathy of prematurity]] | |||
| treatment = [[Surgery]], [[corrective lenses]], [[patching therapy]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depends on severity and treatment | |||
| frequency = 1-6 per 10,000 live births | |||
}} | |||
[[File:white_congenital_cataract.tif|White congenital cataract|left|thumb]] | |||
[[File:Fetal_cataract.ogv|Fetal cataract|thumb]] | |||
'''Congenital cataract''' is a condition that is present at birth, where the lens of the eye is clouded, causing vision problems. This condition can affect one or both eyes. | '''Congenital cataract''' is a condition that is present at birth, where the lens of the eye is clouded, causing vision problems. This condition can affect one or both eyes. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Congenital cataracts are often caused by genetic mutations. Other causes can include infections during pregnancy, such as [[rubella]], [[toxoplasmosis]], or [[cytomegalovirus]]. Certain metabolic disorders, such as [[galactosemia]], can also cause congenital cataracts. | Congenital cataracts are often caused by genetic mutations. Other causes can include infections during pregnancy, such as [[rubella]], [[toxoplasmosis]], or [[cytomegalovirus]]. Certain metabolic disorders, such as [[galactosemia]], can also cause congenital cataracts. | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
The primary symptom of a congenital cataract is a white or gray cloudiness in the pupil of the eye. This can be present at birth or develop shortly after. Other symptoms can include [[nystagmus]] (involuntary eye movements), [[strabismus]] (crossed eyes), and vision problems. | The primary symptom of a congenital cataract is a white or gray cloudiness in the pupil of the eye. This can be present at birth or develop shortly after. Other symptoms can include [[nystagmus]] (involuntary eye movements), [[strabismus]] (crossed eyes), and vision problems. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Congenital cataracts can be diagnosed through a comprehensive eye exam. This can include a visual acuity test, a dilated eye exam, and tonometry. Genetic testing may also be done to determine if the cataract is due to a genetic mutation. | Congenital cataracts can be diagnosed through a comprehensive eye exam. This can include a visual acuity test, a dilated eye exam, and tonometry. Genetic testing may also be done to determine if the cataract is due to a genetic mutation. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment for congenital cataracts often involves surgery to remove the cataract. This is usually followed by the use of glasses or contact lenses to correct vision. In some cases, an artificial lens may be implanted during surgery. | Treatment for congenital cataracts often involves surgery to remove the cataract. This is usually followed by the use of glasses or contact lenses to correct vision. In some cases, an artificial lens may be implanted during surgery. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis for congenital cataracts is generally good, especially if the cataract is detected and treated early. However, some children may have permanent vision loss if the cataract is not treated promptly. | The prognosis for congenital cataracts is generally good, especially if the cataract is detected and treated early. However, some children may have permanent vision loss if the cataract is not treated promptly. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Cataract]] | * [[Cataract]] | ||
* [[Pediatric ophthalmology]] | * [[Pediatric ophthalmology]] | ||
* [[Eye surgery]] | * [[Eye surgery]] | ||
[[Category:Eye diseases]] | [[Category:Eye diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Pediatric disorders]] | [[Category:Pediatric disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Congenital disorders]] | [[Category:Congenital disorders]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 02:31, 5 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Congenital cataract | |
|---|---|
_PHIL_4284_lores.jpg)
| |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Cloudy vision, blurred vision, nystagmus, strabismus |
| Complications | Amblyopia, glaucoma, blindness |
| Onset | At birth |
| Duration | Lifelong |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Genetic disorders, intrauterine infections, metabolic disorders |
| Risks | Family history, maternal infections during pregnancy |
| Diagnosis | Ophthalmic examination, slit lamp examination, ultrasound |
| Differential diagnosis | Retinoblastoma, persistent fetal vasculature, retinopathy of prematurity |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Surgery, corrective lenses, patching therapy |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, depends on severity and treatment |
| Frequency | 1-6 per 10,000 live births |
| Deaths | N/A |
File:Fetal cataract.ogv Congenital cataract is a condition that is present at birth, where the lens of the eye is clouded, causing vision problems. This condition can affect one or both eyes.
Causes[edit]
Congenital cataracts are often caused by genetic mutations. Other causes can include infections during pregnancy, such as rubella, toxoplasmosis, or cytomegalovirus. Certain metabolic disorders, such as galactosemia, can also cause congenital cataracts.
Symptoms[edit]
The primary symptom of a congenital cataract is a white or gray cloudiness in the pupil of the eye. This can be present at birth or develop shortly after. Other symptoms can include nystagmus (involuntary eye movements), strabismus (crossed eyes), and vision problems.
Diagnosis[edit]
Congenital cataracts can be diagnosed through a comprehensive eye exam. This can include a visual acuity test, a dilated eye exam, and tonometry. Genetic testing may also be done to determine if the cataract is due to a genetic mutation.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for congenital cataracts often involves surgery to remove the cataract. This is usually followed by the use of glasses or contact lenses to correct vision. In some cases, an artificial lens may be implanted during surgery.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for congenital cataracts is generally good, especially if the cataract is detected and treated early. However, some children may have permanent vision loss if the cataract is not treated promptly.
