Stereotypic movement disorder: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Stereotypic movement disorder | |||
| synonyms = Stereotypies | |||
| field = [[Psychiatry]], [[Neurology]] | |||
| symptoms = Repetitive, non-functional motor behavior | |||
| onset = Early childhood | |||
| duration = Chronic | |||
| causes = Unknown, possibly [[genetic]] or [[environmental factors]] | |||
| risks = [[Intellectual disability]], [[autism spectrum disorder]] | |||
| diagnosis = Clinical evaluation, [[DSM-5]] criteria | |||
| differential = [[Tic disorder]], [[Obsessive-compulsive disorder]], [[Autism spectrum disorder]] | |||
| treatment = [[Behavioral therapy]], [[medication]] | |||
| prognosis = Varies, often improves with age | |||
| frequency = Common in children with developmental disorders | |||
}} | |||
'''Stereotypic Movement Disorder''' ('''SMD''') is a [[motor disorder]] characterized by repetitive, seemingly driven, and nonfunctional motor behavior. The behavior interferes with normal activities or results in self-injury. The onset of SMD typically occurs in [[childhood]], often by the age of three. | '''Stereotypic Movement Disorder''' ('''SMD''') is a [[motor disorder]] characterized by repetitive, seemingly driven, and nonfunctional motor behavior. The behavior interferes with normal activities or results in self-injury. The onset of SMD typically occurs in [[childhood]], often by the age of three. | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
The primary symptom of SMD is the repetitive, rhythmic, and purposeless movement. These movements may include [[hand waving]], [[head banging]], [[body rocking]], [[self-biting]], and [[self-hitting]]. These behaviors are not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance or a general medical condition. | The primary symptom of SMD is the repetitive, rhythmic, and purposeless movement. These movements may include [[hand waving]], [[head banging]], [[body rocking]], [[self-biting]], and [[self-hitting]]. These behaviors are not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance or a general medical condition. | ||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
The exact cause of SMD is unknown. However, it is often associated with other conditions such as [[mental retardation]], [[autism spectrum disorder]], and [[neurological disorders]]. It is also more common in males than in females. | The exact cause of SMD is unknown. However, it is often associated with other conditions such as [[mental retardation]], [[autism spectrum disorder]], and [[neurological disorders]]. It is also more common in males than in females. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Diagnosis of SMD is based on the individual's clinical history and observed behavior. The [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]] (DSM-5) provides specific criteria for the diagnosis of SMD. | Diagnosis of SMD is based on the individual's clinical history and observed behavior. The [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]] (DSM-5) provides specific criteria for the diagnosis of SMD. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment for SMD often involves a combination of [[behavioral therapy]], [[medication]], and [[physical therapy]]. The goal of treatment is to reduce the frequency and intensity of the stereotypic movements and to prevent self-injury. | Treatment for SMD often involves a combination of [[behavioral therapy]], [[medication]], and [[physical therapy]]. The goal of treatment is to reduce the frequency and intensity of the stereotypic movements and to prevent self-injury. | ||
== Prognosis == | == Prognosis == | ||
The prognosis for individuals with SMD varies. Some individuals may see a decrease in symptoms over time, while others may continue to exhibit stereotypic movements into adulthood. | The prognosis for individuals with SMD varies. Some individuals may see a decrease in symptoms over time, while others may continue to exhibit stereotypic movements into adulthood. | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[Motor disorders]] | * [[Motor disorders]] | ||
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* [[Mental retardation]] | * [[Mental retardation]] | ||
* [[Neurological disorders]] | * [[Neurological disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Psychiatric diagnosis]] | [[Category:Psychiatric diagnosis]] | ||
[[Category:Childhood psychiatric disorders]] | [[Category:Childhood psychiatric disorders]] | ||
Latest revision as of 02:54, 4 April 2025
| Stereotypic movement disorder | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | Stereotypies |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Repetitive, non-functional motor behavior |
| Complications | N/A |
| Onset | Early childhood |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Unknown, possibly genetic or environmental factors |
| Risks | Intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder |
| Diagnosis | Clinical evaluation, DSM-5 criteria |
| Differential diagnosis | Tic disorder, Obsessive-compulsive disorder, Autism spectrum disorder |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Behavioral therapy, medication |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Varies, often improves with age |
| Frequency | Common in children with developmental disorders |
| Deaths | N/A |
Stereotypic Movement Disorder (SMD) is a motor disorder characterized by repetitive, seemingly driven, and nonfunctional motor behavior. The behavior interferes with normal activities or results in self-injury. The onset of SMD typically occurs in childhood, often by the age of three.
Symptoms[edit]
The primary symptom of SMD is the repetitive, rhythmic, and purposeless movement. These movements may include hand waving, head banging, body rocking, self-biting, and self-hitting. These behaviors are not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance or a general medical condition.
Causes[edit]
The exact cause of SMD is unknown. However, it is often associated with other conditions such as mental retardation, autism spectrum disorder, and neurological disorders. It is also more common in males than in females.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of SMD is based on the individual's clinical history and observed behavior. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) provides specific criteria for the diagnosis of SMD.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for SMD often involves a combination of behavioral therapy, medication, and physical therapy. The goal of treatment is to reduce the frequency and intensity of the stereotypic movements and to prevent self-injury.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for individuals with SMD varies. Some individuals may see a decrease in symptoms over time, while others may continue to exhibit stereotypic movements into adulthood.
See also[edit]
- Motor disorders
- Childhood disorders
- Autism spectrum disorder
- Mental retardation
- Neurological disorders
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