Bacillary dysentery: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Bacillary dysentery | |||
| synonyms = Shigellosis | |||
| field = [[Infectious disease]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Diarrhea]], [[fever]], [[abdominal pain]], [[tenesmus]] | |||
| complications = [[Dehydration]], [[hemolytic uremic syndrome]] | |||
| onset = 1–3 days after exposure | |||
| duration = 5–7 days | |||
| causes = ''[[Shigella]]'' bacteria | |||
| risks = Poor sanitation, [[contaminated food]] or water | |||
| diagnosis = [[Stool culture]], [[polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR) | |||
| differential = [[Amoebic dysentery]], [[gastroenteritis]], [[irritable bowel syndrome]] | |||
| prevention = [[Hand washing]], [[safe drinking water]], [[sanitation]] | |||
| treatment = [[Oral rehydration therapy]], [[antibiotics]] | |||
| medication = [[Ciprofloxacin]], [[azithromycin]] | |||
| prognosis = Generally good with treatment | |||
| frequency = 165 million cases per year globally | |||
| deaths = 1 million deaths per year | |||
}} | |||
'''Bacillary Dysentery''' is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus ''[[Shigella]]''. It is characterized by inflammation of the colon and severe diarrhea, often with the presence of blood and mucus in the stool. The disease is transmitted through the fecal-oral route, often in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene. | '''Bacillary Dysentery''' is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus ''[[Shigella]]''. It is characterized by inflammation of the colon and severe diarrhea, often with the presence of blood and mucus in the stool. The disease is transmitted through the fecal-oral route, often in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene. | ||
==Etiology== | ==Etiology== | ||
Bacillary dysentery is caused by four species of ''Shigella'' bacteria: ''[[Shigella dysenteriae]]'', ''[[Shigella flexneri]]'', ''[[Shigella boydii]]'', and ''[[Shigella sonnei]]''. ''S. dysenteriae'' and ''S. flexneri'' are the most common causes of the disease in developing countries, while ''S. sonnei'' is more prevalent in developed countries. | Bacillary dysentery is caused by four species of ''Shigella'' bacteria: ''[[Shigella dysenteriae]]'', ''[[Shigella flexneri]]'', ''[[Shigella boydii]]'', and ''[[Shigella sonnei]]''. ''S. dysenteriae'' and ''S. flexneri'' are the most common causes of the disease in developing countries, while ''S. sonnei'' is more prevalent in developed countries. | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
The symptoms of bacillary dysentery include severe diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever, and sometimes vomiting. The diarrhea is often bloody due to the damage to the colon. In severe cases, the disease can lead to dehydration, shock, and death. | The symptoms of bacillary dysentery include severe diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever, and sometimes vomiting. The diarrhea is often bloody due to the damage to the colon. In severe cases, the disease can lead to dehydration, shock, and death. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
The diagnosis of bacillary dysentery is made by isolating ''Shigella'' bacteria from a stool sample. Other laboratory tests, such as blood tests and imaging studies, may be used to assess the severity of the disease and to rule out other causes of diarrhea. | The diagnosis of bacillary dysentery is made by isolating ''Shigella'' bacteria from a stool sample. Other laboratory tests, such as blood tests and imaging studies, may be used to assess the severity of the disease and to rule out other causes of diarrhea. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
The treatment of bacillary dysentery involves rehydration to replace lost fluids and electrolytes, and antibiotics to kill the ''Shigella'' bacteria. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required. | The treatment of bacillary dysentery involves rehydration to replace lost fluids and electrolytes, and antibiotics to kill the ''Shigella'' bacteria. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required. | ||
==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
Prevention of bacillary dysentery involves improving sanitation and hygiene, including handwashing with soap, safe food handling, and access to clean water. Vaccines against ''Shigella'' are currently under development. | Prevention of bacillary dysentery involves improving sanitation and hygiene, including handwashing with soap, safe food handling, and access to clean water. Vaccines against ''Shigella'' are currently under development. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Shigellosis]] | * [[Shigellosis]] | ||
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* [[Infectious diseases]] | * [[Infectious diseases]] | ||
* [[Tropical diseases]] | * [[Tropical diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Infectious diseases]] | [[Category:Infectious diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Gastrointestinal disorders]] | [[Category:Gastrointestinal disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Tropical diseases]] | [[Category:Tropical diseases]] | ||
{{Infectious-disease-stub}} | {{Infectious-disease-stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 22:12, 3 April 2025
| Bacillary dysentery | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | Shigellosis |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, tenesmus |
| Complications | Dehydration, hemolytic uremic syndrome |
| Onset | 1–3 days after exposure |
| Duration | 5–7 days |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Shigella bacteria |
| Risks | Poor sanitation, contaminated food or water |
| Diagnosis | Stool culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) |
| Differential diagnosis | Amoebic dysentery, gastroenteritis, irritable bowel syndrome |
| Prevention | Hand washing, safe drinking water, sanitation |
| Treatment | Oral rehydration therapy, antibiotics |
| Medication | Ciprofloxacin, azithromycin |
| Prognosis | Generally good with treatment |
| Frequency | 165 million cases per year globally |
| Deaths | 1 million deaths per year |
Bacillary Dysentery is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Shigella. It is characterized by inflammation of the colon and severe diarrhea, often with the presence of blood and mucus in the stool. The disease is transmitted through the fecal-oral route, often in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene.
Etiology[edit]
Bacillary dysentery is caused by four species of Shigella bacteria: Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri, Shigella boydii, and Shigella sonnei. S. dysenteriae and S. flexneri are the most common causes of the disease in developing countries, while S. sonnei is more prevalent in developed countries.
Symptoms[edit]
The symptoms of bacillary dysentery include severe diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever, and sometimes vomiting. The diarrhea is often bloody due to the damage to the colon. In severe cases, the disease can lead to dehydration, shock, and death.
Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis of bacillary dysentery is made by isolating Shigella bacteria from a stool sample. Other laboratory tests, such as blood tests and imaging studies, may be used to assess the severity of the disease and to rule out other causes of diarrhea.
Treatment[edit]
The treatment of bacillary dysentery involves rehydration to replace lost fluids and electrolytes, and antibiotics to kill the Shigella bacteria. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.
Prevention[edit]
Prevention of bacillary dysentery involves improving sanitation and hygiene, including handwashing with soap, safe food handling, and access to clean water. Vaccines against Shigella are currently under development.
See also[edit]
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