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| {{Short description|A form of leprosy characterized by a strong immune response}}
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| {{About|the form of leprosy|the disease in general|Leprosy}}
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| '''Tuberculoid leprosy''' is a form of [[leprosy]] characterized by a strong [[immune response]] to the bacterium ''[[Mycobacterium leprae]]''. It is one of the two major forms of leprosy, the other being [[lepromatous leprosy]]. Tuberculoid leprosy is considered to be a less severe form of the disease. | | '''Tuberculoid leprosy''' is a form of [[leprosy]] characterized by a strong [[immune response]] to the bacterium ''[[Mycobacterium leprae]]''. It is one of the two major forms of leprosy, the other being [[lepromatous leprosy]]. Tuberculoid leprosy is considered to be a less severe form of the disease. |
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| * [[Lepromatous leprosy]] | | * [[Lepromatous leprosy]] |
| * [[Mycobacterium leprae]] | | * [[Mycobacterium leprae]] |
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| ==References==
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| * {{cite book |last1=Britton |first1=Will |title=Leprosy |editor1-last=Cook |editor1-first=Gordon C. |editor2-last=Zumla |editor2-first=Alimuddin I. |year=2009 |chapter=Chapter 7 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-7020-4082-0}}
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| [[Category:Leprosy]]
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| [[File:Leprosy - Tuberculoid (TT) - 1.jpg|thumb|right|A skin lesion characteristic of tuberculoid leprosy]]
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| == Tuberculoid leprosy ==
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| <gallery>
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| File:Leprosy_-_Tuberculoid_(TT)_-_1.jpg
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| </gallery>
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| == Tuberculoid Leprosy ==
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| Tuberculoid leprosy is a form of [[leprosy]], a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium ''[[Mycobacterium leprae]]''. It is one of the two major clinical forms of leprosy, the other being [[lepromatous leprosy]]. Tuberculoid leprosy is characterized by a strong immune response to the infection, which results in a limited number of skin lesions and nerve involvement.
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| === Clinical Features ===
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| Patients with tuberculoid leprosy typically present with a few well-defined, hypopigmented skin lesions. These lesions are often anesthetic due to the involvement of peripheral nerves. The skin lesions are usually dry and hairless, with raised edges. The strong immune response in tuberculoid leprosy leads to the formation of [[granulomas]] in the skin and nerves, which can cause nerve damage and loss of sensation.
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| === Pathophysiology ===
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| The pathophysiology of tuberculoid leprosy involves a robust [[cell-mediated immunity]] against ''Mycobacterium leprae''. This immune response is primarily mediated by [[T-helper 1 cells]], which produce [[cytokines]] such as [[interferon-gamma]] that activate [[macrophages]] to kill the bacteria. The granulomatous inflammation is a hallmark of this form of leprosy, and it helps to contain the spread of the bacteria, resulting in fewer lesions compared to lepromatous leprosy.
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| === Diagnosis ===
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| Diagnosis of tuberculoid leprosy is based on clinical examination, skin biopsy, and [[skin smear]] tests. The skin biopsy typically shows granulomatous inflammation with few or no bacilli, as the strong immune response limits bacterial proliferation. Skin smears are usually negative for acid-fast bacilli in tuberculoid leprosy.
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| === Treatment ===
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| The treatment of tuberculoid leprosy involves [[multidrug therapy]] (MDT) as recommended by the [[World Health Organization]]. The standard regimen includes [[dapsone]] and [[rifampicin]] for a period of 6 to 12 months. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent nerve damage and disability.
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| === Prognosis ===
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| The prognosis for patients with tuberculoid leprosy is generally good, especially with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The strong immune response helps to limit the spread of the disease, and most patients respond well to MDT. However, nerve damage can be permanent if not treated early.
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| == Related Pages ==
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| * [[Leprosy]]
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| * [[Lepromatous leprosy]]
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| * [[Mycobacterium leprae]]
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| * [[Granuloma]]
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| * [[Multidrug therapy]]
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| {{Leprosy}}
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| [[Category:Leprosy]]
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| [[Category:Infectious diseases]]
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Tuberculoid leprosy is a form of leprosy characterized by a strong immune response to the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. It is one of the two major forms of leprosy, the other being lepromatous leprosy. Tuberculoid leprosy is considered to be a less severe form of the disease.
Clinical features
Tuberculoid leprosy presents with a limited number of skin lesions, which are often dry, hairless, and hypopigmented. These lesions are typically anesthetic due to the involvement of peripheral nerves. The immune response in tuberculoid leprosy is characterized by a strong cell-mediated immunity, which helps to contain the infection but also leads to nerve damage.
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of tuberculoid leprosy involves a robust Th1 immune response, which is effective in controlling the proliferation of Mycobacterium leprae. This immune response results in the formation of granulomas in the skin and nerves, which are collections of immune cells that attempt to wall off the bacteria.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of tuberculoid leprosy is based on clinical examination, skin smears, and skin biopsy. The skin lesions in tuberculoid leprosy are often paucibacillary, meaning they contain few bacteria, which can make diagnosis challenging. Histopathological examination of a biopsy can reveal the presence of granulomas and nerve involvement.
Treatment
The treatment of tuberculoid leprosy involves multidrug therapy (MDT) as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The standard regimen includes dapsone and rifampicin for a period of six months. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent nerve damage and disability.
Prognosis
The prognosis for individuals with tuberculoid leprosy is generally good, especially with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The strong immune response helps to limit the spread of the bacteria, and most patients respond well to therapy. However, nerve damage can be permanent if not treated promptly.
Related pages
