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| {{Infobox diagnostic | | {{Short description|A tool for assessing disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis}} |
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| |purpose = effectiveness of drug therapy
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| The '''BASDAI''' or '''Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index''' is a [[Validation (drug manufacture)|validated]] diagnostic test which allows a physician, usually a [[rheumatologist]], to determine the effectiveness of a current drug therapy, or the need to institute a new drug therapy for the treatment of [[Ankylosing spondylitis]] (AS). The BASDAI is one of a group of classification criteria for [[spondyloarthropathy|spondyloarthropathies]].<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Ozgur Akgul |author2=Ozgocmen Salih | year = 2011 | title = Classification criteria for spondyloarthropathies | journal = World Journal of Orthopedics | volume = 2 | issue = 12| pages = 107–115 | doi = 10.5312/wjo.v2.i12.07 | pmc=3302034 | pmid=22474629}}</ref>
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| ==Bath Index measures==
| | The '''Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index''' ('''BASDAI''') is a widely used tool for measuring the disease activity in patients with [[ankylosing spondylitis]] (AS). It is a self-administered questionnaire that helps in assessing the severity of symptoms and the effectiveness of treatments. |
| The BASDAI consists of a 0 - 10 scale measuring discomfort, pain, and fatigue (0 being no problem and 10 being the worst problem) in response to six questions asked of the patient pertaining to the five major symptoms of AS:
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| #[[Fatigue (medical)|Fatigue]]
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| #[[Back pain#Pain|Spinal pain]]
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| #[[Arthralgia]] (joint pain) or swelling
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| #[[Enthesitis]], or [[inflammation]] of [[tendon]]s and [[ligament]]s (areas of localized tenderness where connective tissues insert into bone)
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| #[[Joint stiffness|Morning stiffness]] duration
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| #Morning stiffness severity
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| To give each symptom equal weighting, the average of the two scores relating to morning stiffness is taken. The resulting 0 to 50 score is divided by 5 to give a final 0 – 10 BASDAI score.<ref name="pmid21336823">{{cite journal |author1=Chung H.Y. |author2=Lau C.S. |author3=Wu K.P. |author4=Wong W.S. |author5=MOK M.Y. | year = 2011 | title = Comparison of performance of the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society, the European Spondyloarthropathy Study Group and the modified New York criteria in a cohort of Chinese patients with spondyloarthritis | journal = Clinical Rheumatology | volume = 30 | issue = 7| pages = 947–53 | doi = 10.1007/s10067-011-1693-6 | pmid = 21336823 | pmc=3123457}}</ref> Scores of 4 or greater suggest suboptimal control of disease, and those patients are usually good candidates for a change in their medical therapy, may benefit by treatment with [[biologic medical product|biologic therapies]], or may be candidates for enrollment in [[clinical trial]]s evaluating new drug therapies directed at treating the AS disease process.
| | ==Development and Purpose== |
| | The BASDAI was developed by rheumatologists at the [[Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases]] in Bath, United Kingdom. It was designed to provide a simple and effective way to measure disease activity in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, a chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the spine and the sacroiliac joints. |
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| == History == | | ==Components of BASDAI== |
| In 1994, a research team consisting of rheumatologists, [[physiotherapist]]s, and others with a special interest in Ankylosing Spondylitis, developed the index in [[Bath, Somerset|Bath, England]] (hence the reason for "Bath" in the name), describing a self-administered 6-question measurement tool that later become the [[Gold standard (test)|gold standard]] for measuring and evaluating AS disease activity.<ref name="pmid7699630">{{cite journal |author1=Garrett S. |author2=Jenkinson T. |author3=Kennedy L.G. |author4=Whitelock H. |author5=Gaisford P. |author6=Calin A. | year = 1994 | title = A new approach to defining disease status in ankylosing spondylitis: the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index | journal = Journal of Rheumatology | volume = 21 | issue = 12| pages = 2286–91 | pmid = 7699630 }}</ref>
| | The BASDAI consists of six questions that evaluate the major symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis: |
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| == Validity and Reliability ==
| | # Fatigue |
| BASDAI is a quick and simple measure taking between 30 seconds and 2 minutes to complete. BASDAI demonstrates [[statistical significance|statistically significant]] (p<0.001) reliability and incorporates a reasonable scale. The individual symptoms and the index as a whole demonstrated good score distribution, using 95% of the scale. BASDAI demonstrates a sensitivity to change within a short period of time. Following a 3-week physiotherapy course, the BASDAI showed a significant (p=0.009) 16.4% score improvement. Because the BASDAI reflects ongoing inflammatory disease, patients with advanced or "burned out" disease may score well on the test despite their advanced disease.<ref>Khan, Muhammad Asim, [http://www.asim44.com/ Ankylosing Spondylitis], asim44.com. Accessed 2012-5-6.</ref>
| | # Spinal pain |
| | # Joint pain/swelling |
| | # Areas of localized tenderness (also known as enthesitis) |
| | # Morning stiffness duration |
| | # Morning stiffness severity |
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| ==Related tests==
| | Each question is scored on a scale from 0 (no problem) to 10 (very severe problem). The scores from the six questions are averaged to give a final BASDAI score, which ranges from 0 to 10. A higher score indicates greater disease activity. |
| Other tests include the
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| * Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index ([[BASFI]]) a test reflecting functional limitations in patients with more advanced disease,
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| * Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS),
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| * Modified New York Criteria (mNY),
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| * [[Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (ASQoL) Questionnaire|Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life Scale (ASQoL)]],
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| * Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Global Score (BAS-G),
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| * Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI),
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| * Dougados Functional Index (DFI), and the
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| * Health Assessment Questionnaire for the Spondylarthropathies (HAQ-S).<ref>{{cite journal | author = Author A | year = 2011 | title = Measures of symptoms and disease status in ankylosing spondylitis: Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS), Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life Scale (ASQoL), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Global Score (BAS-G), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), Dougados Functional Index (DFI), and Health Assessment Questionnaire for the Spondylarthropathies (HAQ-S) | url = | journal = Arthritis Care & Research | volume = 63 | issue = Suppl. 11| pages = S47–58 | doi = 10.1002/acr.20575 | pmid = 22588768 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.asas-group.org/research.php?id=01 Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301225432/http://www.asas-group.org/research.php?id=01 |date=2012-03-01 }}, ASDAS, asas-group.org. Accessed 2012-5-6.</ref>
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| ==See also== | | ==Interpretation of BASDAI Scores== |
| *[[Patient-reported outcome]]
| | The BASDAI score is used by healthcare providers to assess the current level of disease activity and to make decisions about treatment. A score of 4 or higher is generally considered indicative of active disease, which may warrant a change in treatment strategy. |
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| == References == | | ==Clinical Use== |
| {{reflist}}
| | The BASDAI is used in both clinical practice and research settings. It helps in monitoring the progression of ankylosing spondylitis and evaluating the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions, such as [[nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]] (NSAIDs), [[biologic therapy|biologic agents]], and physical therapy. |
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| == External tools == | | ==Advantages and Limitations== |
| * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120301225432/http://www.asas-group.org/research.php?id=01 ASDAS Calculator]
| | The BASDAI is valued for its simplicity and ease of use. It is a patient-reported outcome measure, which means it reflects the patient's perspective on their disease activity. However, it is subjective and may not capture all aspects of the disease, such as radiographic progression or extra-articular manifestations. |
| * [https://www.evidencio.com/models/show/1503 Online BASDAI Calculator] | | |
| | ==Related Pages== |
| | * [[Ankylosing spondylitis]] |
| | * [[Rheumatology]] |
| | * [[Disease activity index]] |
| | * [[Patient-reported outcome measure]] |
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| [[Category:Medical tests]]
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| [[Category:Rheumatology]] | | [[Category:Rheumatology]] |
| {{dictionary-stub1}}
| | [[Category:Medical scales]] |
A tool for assessing disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis
The Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) is a widely used tool for measuring the disease activity in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). It is a self-administered questionnaire that helps in assessing the severity of symptoms and the effectiveness of treatments.
Development and Purpose[edit]
The BASDAI was developed by rheumatologists at the Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases in Bath, United Kingdom. It was designed to provide a simple and effective way to measure disease activity in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, a chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the spine and the sacroiliac joints.
Components of BASDAI[edit]
The BASDAI consists of six questions that evaluate the major symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis:
- Fatigue
- Spinal pain
- Joint pain/swelling
- Areas of localized tenderness (also known as enthesitis)
- Morning stiffness duration
- Morning stiffness severity
Each question is scored on a scale from 0 (no problem) to 10 (very severe problem). The scores from the six questions are averaged to give a final BASDAI score, which ranges from 0 to 10. A higher score indicates greater disease activity.
Interpretation of BASDAI Scores[edit]
The BASDAI score is used by healthcare providers to assess the current level of disease activity and to make decisions about treatment. A score of 4 or higher is generally considered indicative of active disease, which may warrant a change in treatment strategy.
Clinical Use[edit]
The BASDAI is used in both clinical practice and research settings. It helps in monitoring the progression of ankylosing spondylitis and evaluating the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), biologic agents, and physical therapy.
Advantages and Limitations[edit]
The BASDAI is valued for its simplicity and ease of use. It is a patient-reported outcome measure, which means it reflects the patient's perspective on their disease activity. However, it is subjective and may not capture all aspects of the disease, such as radiographic progression or extra-articular manifestations.
Related Pages[edit]
