Dexelvucitabine: Difference between revisions

Dexelvucitabine
INN
Drug class
Routes of administration
Pregnancy category
Bioavailability
Metabolism
Elimination half-life
Excretion
Legal status
CAS Number
PubChem
DrugBank
ChemSpider
KEGG

Newer edit →

Revision as of 10:59, 15 February 2025

An antiretroviral drug

Dexelvucitabine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) that was investigated for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. It is a synthetic analog of cytosine and was developed to inhibit the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by interfering with the viral reverse transcriptase enzyme.

Mechanism of Action

Dexelvucitabine works by mimicking the natural nucleosides that are used by the reverse transcriptase enzyme to synthesize viral DNA. Once incorporated into the growing DNA chain, dexelvucitabine acts as a chain terminator, preventing further elongation of the viral DNA. This inhibition of viral DNA synthesis ultimately reduces the viral load in patients.

Development and Clinical Trials

Dexelvucitabine was developed in the early 2000s and underwent several phases of clinical trials. Initial studies showed promise in reducing viral load in patients with HIV. However, further trials revealed concerns about potential toxicity and adverse effects, which led to the discontinuation of its development.

Adverse Effects

During clinical trials, dexelvucitabine was associated with several adverse effects, including lactic acidosis, hepatomegaly, and steatosis. These side effects were significant enough to halt further development of the drug.

Chemical Properties

Dexelvucitabine is a synthetic analog of cytosine, with modifications that allow it to act as a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Its chemical structure is designed to enhance its ability to be incorporated into viral DNA, while also aiming to reduce its degradation by cellular enzymes.

Related pages

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Dexelvucitabine''' is a nucleoside analogue antiretroviral medication that was under investigation for the treatment of [[HIV/AIDS]]. It is a synthetic analogue of deoxycytidine, designed to interfere with the life cycle of the [[HIV]] virus, thereby reducing the viral load in infected individuals. Despite initial research, development of dexelvucitabine was halted due to concerns over its safety profile and efficacy in comparison to other available treatments.
+{{Short description|An antiretroviral drug}}
+{{Drugbox
+| verifiedfields = changed
+| verifiedrevid = 477002123
+| image = Dexelvucitabine.svg
+| image_size = 200px
+| image_alt = Structural formula of Dexelvucitabine
+}}
+'''Dexelvucitabine''' is a [[nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor]] (NRTI) that was investigated for the treatment of [[HIV/AIDS]]. It is a synthetic analog of [[cytosine]] and was developed to inhibit the replication of the [[human immunodeficiency virus]] (HIV) by interfering with the viral [[reverse transcriptase]] enzyme.
 ==Mechanism of Action==
-Dexelvucitabine exerts its antiviral effects by acting as a competitive inhibitor of [[HIV reverse transcriptase]], an enzyme critical for the viral replication process. By incorporating itself into the viral DNA, dexelvucitabine causes chain termination. This prevents the completion of the DNA synthesis necessary for the replication of the HIV virus, leading to a decrease in viral load in the patient.
+Dexelvucitabine works by mimicking the natural nucleosides that are used by the reverse transcriptase enzyme to synthesize viral DNA. Once incorporated into the growing DNA chain, dexelvucitabine acts as a chain terminator, preventing further elongation of the viral DNA. This inhibition of viral DNA synthesis ultimately reduces the viral load in patients.
-==Clinical Trials and Development==
+==Development and Clinical Trials==
-Early clinical trials of dexelvucitabine showed promise in reducing viral load in individuals with HIV/AIDS. However, subsequent studies raised concerns about the drug's safety profile, particularly regarding its potential to cause mitochondrial toxicity and lactic acidosis, conditions that can be life-threatening. These safety concerns, coupled with the emergence of more effective and safer antiretroviral drugs, led to the discontinuation of dexelvucitabine's development.
+Dexelvucitabine was developed in the early 2000s and underwent several phases of clinical trials. Initial studies showed promise in reducing viral load in patients with HIV. However, further trials revealed concerns about potential [[toxicity]] and adverse effects, which led to the discontinuation of its development.
-==Comparison with Other Antiretroviral Drugs==
+==Adverse Effects==
-While dexelvucitabine was part of a class of drugs known as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), which are a cornerstone of modern [[Antiretroviral Therapy|antiretroviral therapy]] (ART), it did not offer significant advantages over other drugs in the same class. Drugs such as [[Lamivudine]] and [[Tenofovir]] have better safety profiles and have been more extensively studied, making them preferred options in ART regimens.
+During clinical trials, dexelvucitabine was associated with several adverse effects, including [[lactic acidosis]], [[hepatomegaly]], and [[steatosis]]. These side effects were significant enough to halt further development of the drug.
-==Conclusion==
+==Chemical Properties==
-Although dexelvucitabine represented a novel approach to HIV/AIDS treatment during its development phase, its potential risks outweighed the benefits. The discontinuation of its development underscores the importance of safety and efficacy in the approval process for new medications. The focus in HIV/AIDS treatment remains on optimizing existing therapies and developing new drugs that offer improved outcomes with minimal side effects.
+Dexelvucitabine is a synthetic analog of cytosine, with modifications that allow it to act as a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Its chemical structure is designed to enhance its ability to be incorporated into viral DNA, while also aiming to reduce its degradation by cellular enzymes.
+==Related pages==
+* [[HIV/AIDS]]
+* [[Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor]]
+* [[Antiretroviral drug]]
-[[Category:HIV/AIDS]]
 [[Category:Antiretroviral drugs]]
-[[Category:Abandoned drugs]]
+[[Category:Nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors]]
-{{Medicine-stub}}