Reverse transcriptase
Reverse transcriptase
Reverse transcriptase (pronounced: rɪˈvɜːs trænˈskrɪpteɪz) is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of DNA from an RNA template in a process called reverse transcription.
Etymology
The term "reverse transcriptase" is derived from the process it facilitates, "reverse transcription", which is the reverse of the usual transcription process where DNA is transcribed into RNA. The prefix "reverse" signifies this reversal of the usual process, and "transcriptase" is a combination of "transcription" and the suffix "-ase", used in biochemistry to form names of enzymes.
Function
Reverse transcriptase is a crucial component in the life cycle of retroviruses, such as HIV. The enzyme allows these viruses to integrate their genetic material into the host cell's DNA, enabling the virus to replicate along with the cell. This process is unique to retroviruses and is what sets them apart from other types of viruses.
Related Terms
- Retrovirus: A type of virus that uses reverse transcriptase to replicate.
- Transcription (genetics): The process of creating an RNA copy of a sequence of DNA.
- DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that carries genetic instructions in all living organisms.
- RNA: Ribonucleic acid, a molecule similar to DNA but single-stranded and plays a role in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.
- Enzyme: A substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Reverse transcriptase
- Wikipedia's article - Reverse transcriptase
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