Chlorosoman

Chlorosoman

Chlorosoman, also known as O-pinacolyl methylphosphonochloridate, is a highly toxic organophosphorus compound. It is a chemical warfare agent classified as a nerve agent, similar in structure and function to soman (GD). Chlorosoman is part of the G-series of nerve agents, which were originally developed in Germany during World War II.

Chemical Structure and Properties

Chlorosoman is an organophosphate compound with the chemical formula C₇H₁₆ClO₂P. It is a colorless liquid at room temperature and has a faint fruity odor. The presence of the chlorine atom in its structure differentiates it from soman, which contains a fluorine atom instead.

Chemical Formula

• Molecular formula: C₇H₁₆ClO₂P
• Molar mass: 198.63 g/mol

Mechanism of Action

Chlorosoman, like other nerve agents, exerts its toxic effects by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). This enzyme is responsible for breaking down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft. Inhibition of AChE leads to an accumulation of acetylcholine, resulting in continuous stimulation of muscles, glands, and central nervous system structures.

Symptoms of Exposure

Exposure to chlorosoman can cause a range of symptoms due to overstimulation of the nervous system. These symptoms include:

• Miosis (constriction of the pupils)
• Rhinorrhea (runny nose)
• Dyspnea (difficulty breathing)
• Muscle twitching and weakness
• Convulsions
• Loss of consciousness
• Respiratory failure

Treatment

The treatment for chlorosoman poisoning involves the administration of atropine, an anticholinergic drug that blocks the effects of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors. Additionally, pralidoxime (2-PAM) can be used to reactivate acetylcholinesterase if administered soon after exposure. Supportive care, including mechanical ventilation, may be necessary in severe cases.

Safety and Handling

Due to its extreme toxicity, chlorosoman is classified as a Schedule 1 substance under the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). Its production, stockpiling, and use are strictly controlled and monitored by international agreements.

See Also

• Nerve agent
• Sarin
• VX (nerve agent)

References

• Frederick R.,

 Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare, 
  
 Office of The Surgeon General, Department of the Army, United States of America, 
 1997, 
  
  
 ISBN 978-0160451358,

• Eyer, P.,

 Neuropsychopathological changes by organophosphorus compounds—a review, 
 Human & Experimental Toxicology, 
 1997,
 Vol. 16(Issue: 9),
 pp. 473–481,
 DOI: 10.1177/096032719701600901,