Tubo-ovarian abscess: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 23:48, 9 February 2025

A collection of pus in the fallopian tube and ovary

Tubo-ovarian abscess

A tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) is a type of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) characterized by a collection of pus that involves a fallopian tube and ovary. It is a serious condition that can lead to severe complications if not treated promptly.

Causes

Tubo-ovarian abscesses are often caused by bacterial infections. The most common bacteria involved are those associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. Other bacteria, including anaerobic bacteria like Bacteroides fragilis, can also be involved.

Symptoms

The symptoms of a tubo-ovarian abscess can include severe pelvic pain, fever, vaginal discharge, and nausea. Some women may also experience irregular menstrual bleeding or pain during intercourse.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a tubo-ovarian abscess typically involves a combination of clinical examination, ultrasound imaging, and sometimes CT scans or MRI. Blood tests may show elevated white blood cell counts and markers of inflammation.

Treatment

Treatment usually involves antibiotic therapy to address the underlying infection. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to drain the abscess. This can be done through laparoscopy or laparotomy.

Complications

If left untreated, a tubo-ovarian abscess can lead to serious complications such as sepsis, infertility, or chronic pelvic pain. It is crucial to seek medical attention if symptoms suggestive of TOA occur.

Prevention

Preventive measures include practicing safe sex, regular screening for STIs, and prompt treatment of any pelvic infections to prevent progression to TOA.

Related pages

References

External links

Wikidata entry for Tubo-ovarian abscess

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Transcutaneous pacing''' is a medical procedure used to treat certain types of heart rhythm disorders. This method involves the use of electrical impulses to regulate the heart's rhythm.
+{{Short description|A collection of pus in the fallopian tube and ovary}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
-== Overview ==
+== Tubo-ovarian abscess ==
-Transcutaneous pacing (TCP) is a temporary means of pacing a patient's heart during a medical emergency. It is used when the heart's natural pacemaker is not fast enough, or if the electrical pathways are blocked. TCP is a non-invasive procedure, meaning it does not involve surgery. Instead, it uses two large electrode pads that are placed on the patient's chest and back. These pads are connected to a pacing unit that sends electrical impulses to the heart, which stimulates it to contract and pump blood.
+A '''tubo-ovarian abscess''' (TOA) is a type of [[pelvic inflammatory disease]] (PID) characterized by a collection of pus that involves a [[fallopian tube]] and [[ovary]]. It is a serious condition that can lead to severe complications if not treated promptly.
-== Indications ==
+== Causes ==
-TCP is typically used in emergency situations when a patient's heart rate is too slow (bradycardia) or if there is a block in the heart's electrical pathways (heart block). It may also be used in cases of drug overdose or poisoning, if these conditions have caused bradycardia or heart block.
+Tubo-ovarian abscesses are often caused by [[bacterial infection]]s. The most common bacteria involved are those associated with [[sexually transmitted infections]] (STIs), such as ''[[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]]'' and ''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]''. Other bacteria, including anaerobic bacteria like ''[[Bacteroides fragilis]]'', can also be involved.
-== Procedure ==
+[[File:BacteroidesFragilis_Gram.jpg|thumb|right|''Bacteroides fragilis'', a common anaerobic bacterium involved in TOA]]
-The procedure for TCP involves placing two large electrode pads on the patient's chest and back. These pads are connected to a pacing unit. The unit is then set to deliver a certain number of impulses per minute (the pacing rate), and the strength of each impulse (the pacing current) is adjusted until the heart responds to the impulses.
-== Risks and Complications ==
+== Symptoms ==
-While TCP is generally safe, it can cause discomfort or pain due to the electrical impulses. In rare cases, it can cause skin burns. It is also possible that the pacing may not be effective, especially in patients with certain types of heart disease.
+The symptoms of a tubo-ovarian abscess can include severe [[pelvic pain]], [[fever]], [[vaginal discharge]], and [[nausea]]. Some women may also experience [[irregular menstrual bleeding]] or [[pain during intercourse]].
-== See Also ==
+== Diagnosis ==
-* [[Cardiology]]
+Diagnosis of a tubo-ovarian abscess typically involves a combination of [[clinical examination]], [[ultrasound imaging]], and sometimes [[CT scan]]s or [[MRI]]. Blood tests may show elevated [[white blood cell count]]s and markers of inflammation.
-* [[Electrocardiogram]]
-* [[Heart Block]]
-* [[Bradycardia]]
-[[Category:Medical Procedures]]
+[[File:Sites_of_tubo_ovarian_abscess.PNG|thumb|right|Diagram showing sites of tubo-ovarian abscess]]
-[[Category:Cardiology]]
-[[Category:Emergency Medicine]]
-{{stub}}
+== Treatment ==
+Treatment usually involves [[antibiotic therapy]] to address the underlying infection. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to drain the abscess. This can be done through [[laparoscopy]] or [[laparotomy]].
+== Complications ==
+If left untreated, a tubo-ovarian abscess can lead to serious complications such as [[sepsis]], [[infertility]], or [[chronic pelvic pain]]. It is crucial to seek medical attention if symptoms suggestive of TOA occur.
+== Prevention ==
+Preventive measures include practicing safe sex, regular screening for STIs, and prompt treatment of any pelvic infections to prevent progression to TOA.
+== Related pages ==
+* [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]]
+* [[Ovarian cyst]]
+* [[Endometriosis]]
+== References ==
+{{Reflist}}
+== External links ==
+* [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210000 Wikidata entry for Tubo-ovarian abscess]
+[[File:Wikidata_link.PNG|thumb|right|Wikidata link for Tubo-ovarian abscess]]
+[[Category:Gynecological diseases]]
+[[Category:Inflammatory diseases of female pelvic organs]]