Carboxylesterase 3: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 12:36, 31 December 2024

Carboxylesterase 3[edit]

Carboxylesterase 3 (CES3) is an enzyme that belongs to the carboxylesterase family, which plays a crucial role in the hydrolysis of ester and amide bonds in various xenobiotics and endogenous substrates. CES3 is involved in the metabolism of drugs, lipids, and other biomolecules.

Structure and Function[edit]

Carboxylesterase 3 is a member of the alpha/beta hydrolase fold family, characterized by a core structure that facilitates the hydrolysis of ester bonds. The enzyme is primarily expressed in the liver, but it is also found in other tissues such as the intestine and kidney.

CES3 functions by catalyzing the conversion of ester and amide bonds into alcohols and acids, which are more easily excreted from the body. This enzymatic activity is essential for the detoxification of pharmaceuticals and the metabolism of lipid molecules.

Role in Drug Metabolism[edit]

Carboxylesterase 3 is involved in the biotransformation of various therapeutic agents, including prodrugs that require activation through hydrolysis. The enzyme's activity can influence the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these drugs, affecting their efficacy and toxicity.

Genetic Variability[edit]

The CES3 gene exhibits polymorphisms that can lead to variations in enzyme activity among individuals. These genetic differences can impact the metabolism of drugs and the susceptibility to adverse drug reactions.

Clinical Significance[edit]

Alterations in CES3 activity have been associated with various diseases and conditions. For example, changes in enzyme function can affect lipid metabolism, potentially contributing to metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes.

Research and Applications[edit]

Ongoing research is focused on understanding the role of CES3 in drug metabolism and its potential as a biomarker for predicting drug response. Additionally, CES3 is being studied for its involvement in the metabolism of environmental toxins and its potential role in cancer therapy.

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-== Carboxylesterase 3 ==
+==Carboxylesterase 3==
-Carboxylesterase 3 (CES3) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the metabolism of various drugs and xenobiotics in humans. It belongs to the carboxylesterase family of enzymes, which are responsible for the hydrolysis of ester and amide bonds in a wide range of substrates.
+'''Carboxylesterase 3''' (CES3) is an enzyme that belongs to the [[carboxylesterase]] family, which plays a crucial role in the [[hydrolysis]] of ester and amide bonds in various [[xenobiotics]] and [[endogenous]] substrates. CES3 is involved in the metabolism of [[drugs]], [[lipids]], and other [[biomolecules]].
-=== Structure ===
+===Structure and Function===
+Carboxylesterase 3 is a member of the [[alpha/beta hydrolase fold]] family, characterized by a core structure that facilitates the hydrolysis of ester bonds. The enzyme is primarily expressed in the [[liver]], but it is also found in other tissues such as the [[intestine]] and [[kidney]].
-CES3 is encoded by the CES3 gene located on chromosome 16q13.1. It consists of 567 amino acids and has a molecular weight of approximately 65 kDa. The enzyme contains a catalytic triad composed of a serine, histidine, and aspartate residue, which is essential for its enzymatic activity.
+CES3 functions by catalyzing the conversion of [[ester]] and [[amide]] bonds into [[alcohols]] and [[acids]], which are more easily excreted from the body. This enzymatic activity is essential for the detoxification of [[pharmaceuticals]] and the metabolism of [[lipid]] molecules.
-=== Function ===
+===Role in Drug Metabolism===
+Carboxylesterase 3 is involved in the [[biotransformation]] of various [[therapeutic agents]], including [[prodrugs]] that require activation through hydrolysis. The enzyme's activity can influence the [[pharmacokinetics]] and [[pharmacodynamics]] of these drugs, affecting their [[efficacy]] and [[toxicity]].
-CES3 is primarily expressed in the liver, but it is also found in other tissues such as the intestine, kidney, and adipose tissue. It plays a crucial role in the metabolism of ester-containing compounds, including drugs such as opioids, statins, and anticancer agents. CES3 catalyzes the hydrolysis of these compounds, converting them into their corresponding carboxylic acids and alcohols, which are then eliminated from the body.
+===Genetic Variability===
+The CES3 gene exhibits [[polymorphisms]] that can lead to variations in enzyme activity among individuals. These genetic differences can impact the metabolism of drugs and the susceptibility to [[adverse drug reactions]].
-=== Clinical Significance ===
+===Clinical Significance===
+Alterations in CES3 activity have been associated with various [[diseases]] and [[conditions]]. For example, changes in enzyme function can affect [[lipid metabolism]], potentially contributing to [[metabolic disorders]] such as [[obesity]] and [[diabetes]].
-The activity of CES3 can significantly impact the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of drugs. Genetic variations in the CES3 gene can lead to altered enzyme activity, resulting in interindividual differences in drug metabolism. For example, individuals with reduced CES3 activity may experience increased drug exposure and potential adverse effects, while those with enhanced CES3 activity may have decreased drug efficacy.
+===Research and Applications===
+Ongoing research is focused on understanding the role of CES3 in drug metabolism and its potential as a [[biomarker]] for predicting drug response. Additionally, CES3 is being studied for its involvement in the metabolism of [[environmental toxins]] and its potential role in [[cancer]] therapy.
-=== Role in Drug Development ===
+==See Also==
+* [[Carboxylesterase]]
+* [[Drug metabolism]]
+* [[Lipid metabolism]]
+* [[Enzyme polymorphism]]
-CES3 is an important enzyme in drug development and metabolism studies. Understanding its role in drug metabolism can help researchers predict drug-drug interactions and optimize drug dosing regimens. Inhibition or induction of CES3 activity can also be utilized to enhance the therapeutic effects of certain drugs or reduce their toxicity.
+{{Enzyme-stub}}
+{{Medical-stub}}
-=== References ===
-<references>
-  <ref>Smith A, et al. Carboxylesterase 3 (CES3) - the major human liver CES enzyme involved in drug metabolism. J Clin Pharmacol. 2016;56(4):443-453.</ref>
-  <ref>Wang H, et al. Carboxylesterases: Dual roles in lipid and pesticide metabolism. J Agric Food Chem. 2006;54(19):7082-7089.</ref>
-</references>
 [[Category:Enzymes]]
 [[Category:Drug metabolism]]
-[[Category:Pharmacology]]
+[[Category:Lipid metabolism]]
-[[Category:Biochemistry]]
-{{Enzyme-stub}}
-{{Pharmacology-stub}}