Isocarboxazid: Difference between revisions

Isocarboxazid
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Revision as of 11:09, 15 February 2025

Overview of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor Isocarboxazid

Isocarboxazid is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) used as an antidepressant in the treatment of major depressive disorder. It is one of the older classes of antidepressants and is known for its effectiveness in patients who do not respond to other treatments.

Pharmacology

Isocarboxazid works by inhibiting the activity of the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which is responsible for breaking down neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the brain. By inhibiting this enzyme, isocarboxazid increases the levels of these neurotransmitters, which can help improve mood and alleviate symptoms of depression.

Medical uses

Isocarboxazid is primarily used to treat major depressive disorder, especially in cases where other treatments have failed. It may also be used in the treatment of anxiety disorders and panic disorder.

Side effects

Common side effects of isocarboxazid include dizziness, dry mouth, constipation, and insomnia. Due to its mechanism of action, it can also cause hypertensive crisis if taken with certain foods or other medications that increase tyramine levels.

Interactions

Isocarboxazid can interact with a variety of substances, including other antidepressants, sympathomimetic drugs, and foods high in tyramine. Patients are advised to follow a strict diet and avoid certain medications to prevent adverse reactions.

History

Isocarboxazid was first introduced in the 1950s and was one of the first MAOIs to be used clinically. Despite the development of newer antidepressants, it remains an option for treatment-resistant depression.

Related pages

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-{{intro}}
+{{Short description|Overview of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor Isocarboxazid}}
-Isocarboxazid is a monamine oxidase inhibitor (MAO inhibitor) used in therapy of severe depression.
+{{Drugbox
+| verifiedfields = changed
+| verifiedrevid = 477002123
+| image = Isocarboxazid_structure.svg
+| image_size = 200px
+| image_alt = Chemical structure of Isocarboxazid
+}}
-{{livtox}}
+'''Isocarboxazid''' is a [[monoamine oxidase inhibitor]] (MAOI) used as an [[antidepressant]] in the treatment of [[major depressive disorder]]. It is one of the older classes of antidepressants and is known for its effectiveness in patients who do not respond to other treatments.
-Isocarboxazid therapy is associated with rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.
-{{moa}}
-Isocarboxazid (eye" soe kar box' a zid) is a hydrazine antidepressant that acts through inhibition of monamine oxidase, an enzyme that inactivates several neurotransmitter amines such as norepinephrine and serotonin.  By inhibition of catabolism of serotonin and norepinephrine, isocarboxazid increases brain levels of these neurotransmitters which probably underlie its antidepressant effects.
-{{fda}}
+==Pharmacology==
-Isocarboxazid was approved for use as therapy of depression in the United States in 1959, but it is now rarely used because of the availability of more potent and better tolerated antidepressants such as the tricyclic antidepressants and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
+Isocarboxazid works by inhibiting the activity of the enzyme [[monoamine oxidase]], which is responsible for breaking down [[neurotransmitters]] such as [[serotonin]], [[norepinephrine]], and [[dopamine]] in the brain. By inhibiting this enzyme, isocarboxazid increases the levels of these neurotransmitters, which can help improve mood and alleviate symptoms of depression.
-{{dose}}
+==Medical uses==
-Isocarboxazid is available in generic forms and under the brand name of Marplan as tablets of 10 mg.  The usual initial adult dose of isocarboxazid is 10 mg twice daily, with increase in the dose based upon efficacy and tolerance to a maximum of 60 mg per day.
+Isocarboxazid is primarily used to treat major depressive disorder, especially in cases where other treatments have failed. It may also be used in the treatment of [[anxiety disorders]] and [[panic disorder]].
-{{se}}
+==Side effects==
-Common side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, headache, insomnia, tremor, dry mouth, nausea, increased appetite, weight gain and sexual dysfunction.  Isocarboxazid interacts with many medications as well as many foods and beverages, and patients require careful monitoring and education.
+Common side effects of isocarboxazid include [[dizziness]], [[dry mouth]], [[constipation]], and [[insomnia]]. Due to its mechanism of action, it can also cause [[hypertensive crisis]] if taken with certain foods or other medications that increase [[tyramine]] levels.
-{{antidepresants}}
+==Interactions==
+Isocarboxazid can interact with a variety of substances, including other antidepressants, [[sympathomimetic]] drugs, and foods high in tyramine. Patients are advised to follow a strict diet and avoid certain medications to prevent adverse reactions.
-{{coststubd}}
+==History==
+Isocarboxazid was first introduced in the 1950s and was one of the first MAOIs to be used clinically. Despite the development of newer antidepressants, it remains an option for treatment-resistant depression.
+==Related pages==
+* [[Monoamine oxidase inhibitor]]
+* [[Major depressive disorder]]
+* [[Antidepressant]]
+[[Category:Antidepressants]]
+[[Category:Monoamine oxidase inhibitors]]