Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia | |||
| synonyms = Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia, Warm AIHA | |||
| field = [[Hematology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Fatigue (medical)]], [[pallor]], [[jaundice]], [[shortness of breath]], [[tachycardia]] | |||
| complications = [[Heart failure]], [[thrombosis]], [[splenomegaly]] | |||
| onset = Any age, but more common in adults | |||
| duration = Variable, can be chronic | |||
| causes = [[Autoimmune disease]], [[idiopathic]], secondary to other conditions | |||
| risks = [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]], [[chronic lymphocytic leukemia]], [[lymphoma]], certain medications | |||
| diagnosis = [[Coombs test]], [[complete blood count]], [[reticulocyte count]], [[bilirubin]] levels | |||
| differential = [[Cold agglutinin disease]], [[hereditary spherocytosis]], [[drug-induced hemolytic anemia]] | |||
| treatment = [[Corticosteroids]], [[immunosuppressive drugs]], [[splenectomy]], [[rituximab]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depends on underlying cause and response to treatment | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
'''Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia''' (WAIHA) is a type of [[autoimmune hemolytic anemia]] (AIHA) where the body's immune system produces antibodies that target and destroy its own [[red blood cells]] (RBCs) at body temperature. This condition is characterized by the presence of [[IgG antibodies]] that react optimally at 37°C (98.6°F). | |||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
In WAIHA, the immune system mistakenly identifies RBCs as foreign and produces [[autoantibodies]] against them. These autoantibodies are typically of the [[IgG]] class and bind to the RBC surface antigens. The bound antibodies mark the RBCs for destruction, primarily in the [[spleen]] and, to a lesser extent, in the [[liver]]. This process leads to [[hemolysis]], or the breakdown of RBCs, resulting in [[anemia]]. | In WAIHA, the immune system mistakenly identifies RBCs as foreign and produces [[autoantibodies]] against them. These autoantibodies are typically of the [[IgG]] class and bind to the RBC surface antigens. The bound antibodies mark the RBCs for destruction, primarily in the [[spleen]] and, to a lesser extent, in the [[liver]]. This process leads to [[hemolysis]], or the breakdown of RBCs, resulting in [[anemia]]. | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
The symptoms of WAIHA can vary but often include: | The symptoms of WAIHA can vary but often include: | ||
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* [[Tachycardia]] | * [[Tachycardia]] | ||
* [[Dark urine]] | * [[Dark urine]] | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of WAIHA typically involves several laboratory tests, including: | Diagnosis of WAIHA typically involves several laboratory tests, including: | ||
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* [[Direct antiglobulin test]] (DAT), also known as the [[Coombs test]], which detects antibodies attached to RBCs | * [[Direct antiglobulin test]] (DAT), also known as the [[Coombs test]], which detects antibodies attached to RBCs | ||
* [[Indirect antiglobulin test]] to detect free antibodies in the serum | * [[Indirect antiglobulin test]] to detect free antibodies in the serum | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment of WAIHA may include: | Treatment of WAIHA may include: | ||
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* [[Blood transfusions]] in severe cases | * [[Blood transfusions]] in severe cases | ||
* [[Splenectomy]] in refractory cases | * [[Splenectomy]] in refractory cases | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis for individuals with WAIHA varies. Some patients respond well to treatment and achieve remission, while others may experience chronic or recurrent episodes of hemolysis. | The prognosis for individuals with WAIHA varies. Some patients respond well to treatment and achieve remission, while others may experience chronic or recurrent episodes of hemolysis. | ||
==Related Pages== | ==Related Pages== | ||
* [[Autoimmune hemolytic anemia]] | * [[Autoimmune hemolytic anemia]] | ||
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* [[Intravenous immunoglobulin]] | * [[Intravenous immunoglobulin]] | ||
* [[Splenectomy]] | * [[Splenectomy]] | ||
==Categories== | ==Categories== | ||
[[Category:Autoimmune diseases]] | [[Category:Autoimmune diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Hematology]] | [[Category:Hematology]] | ||
[[Category:Anemias]] | [[Category:Anemias]] | ||
{{medicine-stub}} | {{medicine-stub}} | ||
{{No image}} | {{No image}} | ||
Latest revision as of 03:21, 4 April 2025
| Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia, Warm AIHA |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Fatigue (medical), pallor, jaundice, shortness of breath, tachycardia |
| Complications | Heart failure, thrombosis, splenomegaly |
| Onset | Any age, but more common in adults |
| Duration | Variable, can be chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Autoimmune disease, idiopathic, secondary to other conditions |
| Risks | Systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoma, certain medications |
| Diagnosis | Coombs test, complete blood count, reticulocyte count, bilirubin levels |
| Differential diagnosis | Cold agglutinin disease, hereditary spherocytosis, drug-induced hemolytic anemia |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, splenectomy, rituximab |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, depends on underlying cause and response to treatment |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia (WAIHA) is a type of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) where the body's immune system produces antibodies that target and destroy its own red blood cells (RBCs) at body temperature. This condition is characterized by the presence of IgG antibodies that react optimally at 37°C (98.6°F).
Pathophysiology[edit]
In WAIHA, the immune system mistakenly identifies RBCs as foreign and produces autoantibodies against them. These autoantibodies are typically of the IgG class and bind to the RBC surface antigens. The bound antibodies mark the RBCs for destruction, primarily in the spleen and, to a lesser extent, in the liver. This process leads to hemolysis, or the breakdown of RBCs, resulting in anemia.
Symptoms[edit]
The symptoms of WAIHA can vary but often include:
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of WAIHA typically involves several laboratory tests, including:
- Complete blood count (CBC) showing anemia
- Reticulocyte count indicating increased production of RBCs
- Direct antiglobulin test (DAT), also known as the Coombs test, which detects antibodies attached to RBCs
- Indirect antiglobulin test to detect free antibodies in the serum
Treatment[edit]
Treatment of WAIHA may include:
- Corticosteroids such as prednisone to suppress the immune response
- Immunosuppressive drugs like rituximab
- Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)
- Blood transfusions in severe cases
- Splenectomy in refractory cases
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for individuals with WAIHA varies. Some patients respond well to treatment and achieve remission, while others may experience chronic or recurrent episodes of hemolysis.
Related Pages[edit]
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- Hemolytic anemia
- Red blood cell
- Immune system
- Spleen
- Liver
- Corticosteroids
- Rituximab
- Intravenous immunoglobulin
- Splenectomy
