Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis | |||
| synonyms = TINU syndrome | |||
| field = [[Nephrology]], [[Ophthalmology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Fever]], [[fatigue]], [[weight loss]], [[arthralgia]], [[abdominal pain]], [[blurred vision]], [[red eye]], [[photophobia]] | |||
| complications = [[Chronic kidney disease]], [[vision loss]] | |||
| onset = Typically in [[adolescents]] and [[young adults]] | |||
| duration = Variable | |||
| causes = Unknown, possibly [[autoimmune]] | |||
| risks = [[Genetic predisposition]], [[infections]], [[medications]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Blood test]], [[urinalysis]], [[kidney biopsy]], [[eye examination]] | |||
| differential = [[Sarcoidosis]], [[Lupus nephritis]], [[Infectious uveitis]] | |||
| treatment = [[Corticosteroids]], [[immunosuppressive drugs]] | |||
| prognosis = Generally good with treatment, but may lead to chronic conditions | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
'''Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis''' (TINU) is a rare [[autoimmune disease]] that affects the [[kidneys]] and [[eyes]]. It is characterized by the combination of [[tubulointerstitial nephritis]] (TIN), an inflammation of the kidney's tubules and interstitial tissue, and [[uveitis]], an inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye. This condition is of unknown etiology and is considered rare, affecting individuals worldwide without a clear predilection for any specific age, gender, or ethnic group. | '''Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis''' (TINU) is a rare [[autoimmune disease]] that affects the [[kidneys]] and [[eyes]]. It is characterized by the combination of [[tubulointerstitial nephritis]] (TIN), an inflammation of the kidney's tubules and interstitial tissue, and [[uveitis]], an inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye. This condition is of unknown etiology and is considered rare, affecting individuals worldwide without a clear predilection for any specific age, gender, or ethnic group. | ||
==Symptoms and Diagnosis== | ==Symptoms and Diagnosis== | ||
The symptoms of TINU syndrome can vary significantly between individuals but typically include ocular symptoms such as redness, pain, and blurred vision due to uveitis, and renal symptoms like fatigue, weight loss, and abnormal kidney function tests indicative of nephritis. Diagnosis of TINU is challenging due to its rarity and the nonspecific nature of its symptoms. It often involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests including kidney function tests and urinalysis, imaging studies, and sometimes a kidney biopsy to confirm the presence of tubulointerstitial nephritis. Ophthalmologic examination is crucial for diagnosing uveitis. | The symptoms of TINU syndrome can vary significantly between individuals but typically include ocular symptoms such as redness, pain, and blurred vision due to uveitis, and renal symptoms like fatigue, weight loss, and abnormal kidney function tests indicative of nephritis. Diagnosis of TINU is challenging due to its rarity and the nonspecific nature of its symptoms. It often involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests including kidney function tests and urinalysis, imaging studies, and sometimes a kidney biopsy to confirm the presence of tubulointerstitial nephritis. Ophthalmologic examination is crucial for diagnosing uveitis. | ||
==Treatment and Prognosis== | ==Treatment and Prognosis== | ||
Treatment for TINU syndrome primarily focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications. Corticosteroids are commonly used to reduce inflammation in both the kidneys and eyes. Immunosuppressive drugs may also be prescribed in cases where steroids are ineffective or to reduce steroid dosage and side effects. The prognosis for individuals with TINU syndrome is generally good, with most patients responding well to treatment and experiencing remission of both renal and ocular symptoms. However, monitoring is essential as relapses can occur, and long-term complications such as chronic kidney disease or permanent vision loss can develop in some cases. | Treatment for TINU syndrome primarily focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications. Corticosteroids are commonly used to reduce inflammation in both the kidneys and eyes. Immunosuppressive drugs may also be prescribed in cases where steroids are ineffective or to reduce steroid dosage and side effects. The prognosis for individuals with TINU syndrome is generally good, with most patients responding well to treatment and experiencing remission of both renal and ocular symptoms. However, monitoring is essential as relapses can occur, and long-term complications such as chronic kidney disease or permanent vision loss can develop in some cases. | ||
==Epidemiology== | ==Epidemiology== | ||
TINU syndrome is considered a rare disease, with only a few hundred cases reported in the medical literature since its first description in the 1970s. It can occur at any age but is most commonly diagnosed in children and young adults. There is no clear gender or ethnic predilection. | TINU syndrome is considered a rare disease, with only a few hundred cases reported in the medical literature since its first description in the 1970s. It can occur at any age but is most commonly diagnosed in children and young adults. There is no clear gender or ethnic predilection. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
The exact pathophysiology of TINU syndrome remains unclear, but it is believed to involve an autoimmune response that targets both the kidneys and eyes. Genetic factors, environmental exposures, and infections have been proposed as potential triggers, but no definitive cause has been identified. | The exact pathophysiology of TINU syndrome remains unclear, but it is believed to involve an autoimmune response that targets both the kidneys and eyes. Genetic factors, environmental exposures, and infections have been proposed as potential triggers, but no definitive cause has been identified. | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
* [[Autoimmune diseases]] | * [[Autoimmune diseases]] | ||
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* [[Kidney diseases]] | * [[Kidney diseases]] | ||
* [[Immunosuppression]] | * [[Immunosuppression]] | ||
[[Category:Autoimmune diseases]] | [[Category:Autoimmune diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Kidney diseases]] | [[Category:Kidney diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Eye disorders]] | [[Category:Eye disorders]] | ||
{{rarediseases}} | {{rarediseases}} | ||
{{No image}} | {{No image}} | ||
Latest revision as of 02:11, 4 April 2025
| Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | TINU syndrome |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Fever, fatigue, weight loss, arthralgia, abdominal pain, blurred vision, red eye, photophobia |
| Complications | Chronic kidney disease, vision loss |
| Onset | Typically in adolescents and young adults |
| Duration | Variable |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Unknown, possibly autoimmune |
| Risks | Genetic predisposition, infections, medications |
| Diagnosis | Blood test, urinalysis, kidney biopsy, eye examination |
| Differential diagnosis | Sarcoidosis, Lupus nephritis, Infectious uveitis |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Generally good with treatment, but may lead to chronic conditions |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis (TINU) is a rare autoimmune disease that affects the kidneys and eyes. It is characterized by the combination of tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN), an inflammation of the kidney's tubules and interstitial tissue, and uveitis, an inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye. This condition is of unknown etiology and is considered rare, affecting individuals worldwide without a clear predilection for any specific age, gender, or ethnic group.
Symptoms and Diagnosis[edit]
The symptoms of TINU syndrome can vary significantly between individuals but typically include ocular symptoms such as redness, pain, and blurred vision due to uveitis, and renal symptoms like fatigue, weight loss, and abnormal kidney function tests indicative of nephritis. Diagnosis of TINU is challenging due to its rarity and the nonspecific nature of its symptoms. It often involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests including kidney function tests and urinalysis, imaging studies, and sometimes a kidney biopsy to confirm the presence of tubulointerstitial nephritis. Ophthalmologic examination is crucial for diagnosing uveitis.
Treatment and Prognosis[edit]
Treatment for TINU syndrome primarily focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications. Corticosteroids are commonly used to reduce inflammation in both the kidneys and eyes. Immunosuppressive drugs may also be prescribed in cases where steroids are ineffective or to reduce steroid dosage and side effects. The prognosis for individuals with TINU syndrome is generally good, with most patients responding well to treatment and experiencing remission of both renal and ocular symptoms. However, monitoring is essential as relapses can occur, and long-term complications such as chronic kidney disease or permanent vision loss can develop in some cases.
Epidemiology[edit]
TINU syndrome is considered a rare disease, with only a few hundred cases reported in the medical literature since its first description in the 1970s. It can occur at any age but is most commonly diagnosed in children and young adults. There is no clear gender or ethnic predilection.
Pathophysiology[edit]
The exact pathophysiology of TINU syndrome remains unclear, but it is believed to involve an autoimmune response that targets both the kidneys and eyes. Genetic factors, environmental exposures, and infections have been proposed as potential triggers, but no definitive cause has been identified.
See Also[edit]
NIH genetic and rare disease info[edit]
Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis is a rare disease.
| Rare and genetic diseases | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Rare diseases - Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis
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