Placenta praevia: Difference between revisions
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{{SI}} | |||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Placenta praevia | |||
| image = [[File:Placta_prv.jpg]] | |||
| caption = Ultrasound image showing placenta praevia | |||
| field = [[Obstetrics]] | |||
| synonyms = Low-lying placenta | |||
| symptoms = [[Vaginal bleeding]] in the second half of pregnancy | |||
| complications = [[Preterm birth]], [[fetal distress]], [[hemorrhage]] | |||
| onset = Second trimester | |||
| duration = Until delivery | |||
| causes = [[Abnormal implantation]] of the placenta | |||
| risks = [[Previous cesarean section]], [[multiple pregnancy]], [[smoking]], [[advanced maternal age]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Ultrasound]] | |||
| differential = [[Placental abruption]], [[vasa previa]] | |||
| prevention = None | |||
| treatment = [[Bed rest]], [[cesarean section]] if necessary | |||
| medication = [[Corticosteroids]] for fetal lung maturity | |||
| frequency = 0.5% of pregnancies | |||
| deaths = Rare with modern medical care | |||
}} | |||
{{Short description|A condition in pregnancy where the placenta partially or wholly blocks the cervix.}} | {{Short description|A condition in pregnancy where the placenta partially or wholly blocks the cervix.}} | ||
'''Placenta praevia''' is a condition in [[pregnancy]] where the [[placenta]] is abnormally positioned in the [[uterus]], covering the [[cervix]] either partially or completely. This can lead to complications during [[childbirth]], as the placenta may obstruct the passage of the baby through the birth canal. | '''Placenta praevia''' is a condition in [[pregnancy]] where the [[placenta]] is abnormally positioned in the [[uterus]], covering the [[cervix]] either partially or completely. This can lead to complications during [[childbirth]], as the placenta may obstruct the passage of the baby through the birth canal. | ||
=== Types === | === Types === | ||
Placenta praevia is classified into several types based on the degree to which the placenta covers the cervix: | Placenta praevia is classified into several types based on the degree to which the placenta covers the cervix: | ||
* '''Complete placenta praevia''': The placenta completely covers the cervical opening. | * '''Complete placenta praevia''': The placenta completely covers the cervical opening. | ||
* '''Partial placenta praevia''': The placenta partially covers the cervix. | * '''Partial placenta praevia''': The placenta partially covers the cervix. | ||
* '''Marginal placenta praevia''': The placenta is at the edge of the cervix but does not cover it. | * '''Marginal placenta praevia''': The placenta is at the edge of the cervix but does not cover it. | ||
* '''Low-lying placenta''': The placenta is positioned low in the uterus but does not reach the cervix. | * '''Low-lying placenta''': The placenta is positioned low in the uterus but does not reach the cervix. | ||
=== Symptoms === | === Symptoms === | ||
The primary symptom of placenta praevia is painless [[vaginal bleeding]] during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. The bleeding can vary in severity and may occur suddenly. | The primary symptom of placenta praevia is painless [[vaginal bleeding]] during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. The bleeding can vary in severity and may occur suddenly. | ||
=== Diagnosis === | === Diagnosis === | ||
Placenta praevia is typically diagnosed through [[ultrasound]] imaging. A [[transvaginal ultrasound]] may be used for a more accurate assessment of the placenta's position. | Placenta praevia is typically diagnosed through [[ultrasound]] imaging. A [[transvaginal ultrasound]] may be used for a more accurate assessment of the placenta's position. | ||
=== Risk Factors === | === Risk Factors === | ||
Several factors can increase the risk of developing placenta praevia, including: | Several factors can increase the risk of developing placenta praevia, including: | ||
* Previous [[cesarean section]] | * Previous [[cesarean section]] | ||
* Multiple pregnancies | * Multiple pregnancies | ||
| Line 27: | Line 39: | ||
* Smoking | * Smoking | ||
* Previous placenta praevia | * Previous placenta praevia | ||
=== Management === | === Management === | ||
Management of placenta praevia depends on the severity of the condition and the stage of pregnancy. Options include: | Management of placenta praevia depends on the severity of the condition and the stage of pregnancy. Options include: | ||
* '''Observation''': In cases where the bleeding is minimal and the pregnancy is not yet full-term, careful monitoring may be sufficient. | * '''Observation''': In cases where the bleeding is minimal and the pregnancy is not yet full-term, careful monitoring may be sufficient. | ||
* '''Hospitalization''': For more severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to manage bleeding and monitor the health of the mother and baby. | * '''Hospitalization''': For more severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to manage bleeding and monitor the health of the mother and baby. | ||
* '''Cesarean delivery''': If the placenta completely covers the cervix, a cesarean section is usually required to safely deliver the baby. | * '''Cesarean delivery''': If the placenta completely covers the cervix, a cesarean section is usually required to safely deliver the baby. | ||
=== Complications === | === Complications === | ||
Placenta praevia can lead to several complications, including: | Placenta praevia can lead to several complications, including: | ||
* Preterm birth | * Preterm birth | ||
* [[Hemorrhage]] | * [[Hemorrhage]] | ||
* Placental abruption | * Placental abruption | ||
* Increased risk of [[postpartum hemorrhage]] | * Increased risk of [[postpartum hemorrhage]] | ||
== See also == | |||
== | |||
* [[Pregnancy]] | * [[Pregnancy]] | ||
* [[Placenta]] | * [[Placenta]] | ||
* [[Cesarean section]] | * [[Cesarean section]] | ||
* [[Vaginal bleeding]] | * [[Vaginal bleeding]] | ||
[[Category:Obstetrics]] | [[Category:Obstetrics]] | ||
[[Category:Pregnancy complications]] | [[Category:Pregnancy complications]] | ||
Latest revision as of 16:01, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD's medical weight loss NYC, sleep center NYC
Philadelphia medical weight loss and Philadelphia sleep clinics
| Placenta praevia | |
|---|---|
| File:Placta prv.jpg | |
| Synonyms | Low-lying placenta |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Vaginal bleeding in the second half of pregnancy |
| Complications | Preterm birth, fetal distress, hemorrhage |
| Onset | Second trimester |
| Duration | Until delivery |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Abnormal implantation of the placenta |
| Risks | Previous cesarean section, multiple pregnancy, smoking, advanced maternal age |
| Diagnosis | Ultrasound |
| Differential diagnosis | Placental abruption, vasa previa |
| Prevention | None |
| Treatment | Bed rest, cesarean section if necessary |
| Medication | Corticosteroids for fetal lung maturity |
| Prognosis | N/A |
| Frequency | 0.5% of pregnancies |
| Deaths | Rare with modern medical care |
A condition in pregnancy where the placenta partially or wholly blocks the cervix.
Placenta praevia is a condition in pregnancy where the placenta is abnormally positioned in the uterus, covering the cervix either partially or completely. This can lead to complications during childbirth, as the placenta may obstruct the passage of the baby through the birth canal.
Types[edit]
Placenta praevia is classified into several types based on the degree to which the placenta covers the cervix:
- Complete placenta praevia: The placenta completely covers the cervical opening.
- Partial placenta praevia: The placenta partially covers the cervix.
- Marginal placenta praevia: The placenta is at the edge of the cervix but does not cover it.
- Low-lying placenta: The placenta is positioned low in the uterus but does not reach the cervix.
Symptoms[edit]
The primary symptom of placenta praevia is painless vaginal bleeding during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. The bleeding can vary in severity and may occur suddenly.
Diagnosis[edit]
Placenta praevia is typically diagnosed through ultrasound imaging. A transvaginal ultrasound may be used for a more accurate assessment of the placenta's position.
Risk Factors[edit]
Several factors can increase the risk of developing placenta praevia, including:
- Previous cesarean section
- Multiple pregnancies
- Advanced maternal age
- Smoking
- Previous placenta praevia
Management[edit]
Management of placenta praevia depends on the severity of the condition and the stage of pregnancy. Options include:
- Observation: In cases where the bleeding is minimal and the pregnancy is not yet full-term, careful monitoring may be sufficient.
- Hospitalization: For more severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to manage bleeding and monitor the health of the mother and baby.
- Cesarean delivery: If the placenta completely covers the cervix, a cesarean section is usually required to safely deliver the baby.
Complications[edit]
Placenta praevia can lead to several complications, including:
- Preterm birth
- Hemorrhage
- Placental abruption
- Increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage
