Trismus: Difference between revisions
From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia
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{{SI}} | |||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
[[File:lockjawsymptoms.jpg| | | name = Trismus | ||
| image = [[File:lockjawsymptoms.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Symptoms of trismus | |||
| field = [[Oral and maxillofacial surgery]], [[Dentistry]] | |||
| synonyms = Lockjaw | |||
| symptoms = Reduced ability to open the mouth | |||
| complications = [[Malnutrition]], [[dehydration]], [[aspiration pneumonia]] | |||
| onset = Sudden or gradual | |||
| duration = Varies | |||
| causes = [[Tetanus]], [[pericoronitis]], [[oral submucous fibrosis]], [[trauma]], [[infection]] | |||
| risks = [[Oral surgery]], [[radiation therapy]], [[head and neck cancer]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Physical examination]], [[imaging studies]] | |||
| differential = [[Temporomandibular joint disorder]], [[mumps]], [[sialadenitis]] | |||
| treatment = [[Physical therapy]], [[medication]], [[surgery]] | |||
| medication = [[Muscle relaxants]], [[analgesics]], [[antibiotics]] | |||
| frequency = Common in certain conditions | |||
}} | |||
'''Trismus''', commonly referred to as '''lockjaw''', is a condition characterized by reduced ability to open the mouth due to muscle spasm, inflammation, or fibrosis. It is often associated with [[temporomandibular joint disorder]] (TMJ) and can be a symptom of various underlying conditions. | '''Trismus''', commonly referred to as '''lockjaw''', is a condition characterized by reduced ability to open the mouth due to muscle spasm, inflammation, or fibrosis. It is often associated with [[temporomandibular joint disorder]] (TMJ) and can be a symptom of various underlying conditions. | ||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
Trismus can result from a variety of causes, including: | Trismus can result from a variety of causes, including: | ||
* [[Infection]]: Such as [[tetanus]], which is a bacterial infection that affects the nervous system and leads to muscle stiffness. | * [[Infection]]: Such as [[tetanus]], which is a bacterial infection that affects the nervous system and leads to muscle stiffness. | ||
* [[Trauma]]: Injury to the jaw or surrounding tissues can lead to muscle spasm and trismus. | * [[Trauma]]: Injury to the jaw or surrounding tissues can lead to muscle spasm and trismus. | ||
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* [[Radiation therapy]]: Treatment for head and neck cancers can lead to fibrosis and trismus. | * [[Radiation therapy]]: Treatment for head and neck cancers can lead to fibrosis and trismus. | ||
* [[Inflammation]]: Conditions such as [[pericoronitis]] or [[arthritis]] affecting the jaw joint. | * [[Inflammation]]: Conditions such as [[pericoronitis]] or [[arthritis]] affecting the jaw joint. | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
The primary symptom of trismus is the inability to fully open the mouth. Other symptoms may include: | The primary symptom of trismus is the inability to fully open the mouth. Other symptoms may include: | ||
* Pain in the jaw or surrounding areas | * Pain in the jaw or surrounding areas | ||
* Difficulty speaking or eating | * Difficulty speaking or eating | ||
* Muscle stiffness | * Muscle stiffness | ||
* Headache | * Headache | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Diagnosis of trismus involves a thorough medical history and physical examination. Imaging studies such as [[X-ray]], [[CT scan]], or [[MRI]] may be used to assess the underlying cause. A dental examination may also be necessary to evaluate the condition of the teeth and jaw. | Diagnosis of trismus involves a thorough medical history and physical examination. Imaging studies such as [[X-ray]], [[CT scan]], or [[MRI]] may be used to assess the underlying cause. A dental examination may also be necessary to evaluate the condition of the teeth and jaw. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment of trismus depends on the underlying cause and may include: | Treatment of trismus depends on the underlying cause and may include: | ||
* [[Physical therapy]]: Exercises to improve jaw mobility. | * [[Physical therapy]]: Exercises to improve jaw mobility. | ||
* [[Medication]]: Pain relievers, muscle relaxants, or anti-inflammatory drugs. | * [[Medication]]: Pain relievers, muscle relaxants, or anti-inflammatory drugs. | ||
* [[Surgery]]: In severe cases, surgical intervention may be required to release the muscle spasm or correct structural issues. | * [[Surgery]]: In severe cases, surgical intervention may be required to release the muscle spasm or correct structural issues. | ||
* [[Botulinum toxin]] injections: To reduce muscle spasm. | * [[Botulinum toxin]] injections: To reduce muscle spasm. | ||
== Prevention == | == Prevention == | ||
Preventive measures for trismus include: | Preventive measures for trismus include: | ||
* Maintaining good oral hygiene to prevent infections. | * Maintaining good oral hygiene to prevent infections. | ||
* Regular dental check-ups. | * Regular dental check-ups. | ||
* Avoiding trauma to the jaw. | * Avoiding trauma to the jaw. | ||
* Following post-operative care instructions after dental or surgical procedures. | * Following post-operative care instructions after dental or surgical procedures. | ||
== See also == | |||
== | |||
* [[Temporomandibular joint disorder]] | * [[Temporomandibular joint disorder]] | ||
* [[Tetanus]] | * [[Tetanus]] | ||
* [[Pericoronitis]] | * [[Pericoronitis]] | ||
* [[Arthritis]] | * [[Arthritis]] | ||
[[Category:Medical conditions]] | [[Category:Medical conditions]] | ||
[[Category:Dental disorders]] | [[Category:Dental disorders]] | ||
Latest revision as of 19:09, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD's medical weight loss NYC, sleep center NYC
Philadelphia medical weight loss and Philadelphia sleep clinics
| Trismus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Lockjaw |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Reduced ability to open the mouth |
| Complications | Malnutrition, dehydration, aspiration pneumonia |
| Onset | Sudden or gradual |
| Duration | Varies |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Tetanus, pericoronitis, oral submucous fibrosis, trauma, infection |
| Risks | Oral surgery, radiation therapy, head and neck cancer |
| Diagnosis | Physical examination, imaging studies |
| Differential diagnosis | Temporomandibular joint disorder, mumps, sialadenitis |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Physical therapy, medication, surgery |
| Medication | Muscle relaxants, analgesics, antibiotics |
| Prognosis | N/A |
| Frequency | Common in certain conditions |
| Deaths | N/A |
Trismus, commonly referred to as lockjaw, is a condition characterized by reduced ability to open the mouth due to muscle spasm, inflammation, or fibrosis. It is often associated with temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ) and can be a symptom of various underlying conditions.
Causes[edit]
Trismus can result from a variety of causes, including:
- Infection: Such as tetanus, which is a bacterial infection that affects the nervous system and leads to muscle stiffness.
- Trauma: Injury to the jaw or surrounding tissues can lead to muscle spasm and trismus.
- Surgery: Post-surgical complications, especially after procedures involving the mouth, jaw, or throat.
- Radiation therapy: Treatment for head and neck cancers can lead to fibrosis and trismus.
- Inflammation: Conditions such as pericoronitis or arthritis affecting the jaw joint.
Symptoms[edit]
The primary symptom of trismus is the inability to fully open the mouth. Other symptoms may include:
- Pain in the jaw or surrounding areas
- Difficulty speaking or eating
- Muscle stiffness
- Headache
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of trismus involves a thorough medical history and physical examination. Imaging studies such as X-ray, CT scan, or MRI may be used to assess the underlying cause. A dental examination may also be necessary to evaluate the condition of the teeth and jaw.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment of trismus depends on the underlying cause and may include:
- Physical therapy: Exercises to improve jaw mobility.
- Medication: Pain relievers, muscle relaxants, or anti-inflammatory drugs.
- Surgery: In severe cases, surgical intervention may be required to release the muscle spasm or correct structural issues.
- Botulinum toxin injections: To reduce muscle spasm.
Prevention[edit]
Preventive measures for trismus include:
- Maintaining good oral hygiene to prevent infections.
- Regular dental check-ups.
- Avoiding trauma to the jaw.
- Following post-operative care instructions after dental or surgical procedures.
