Hypokinesia: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|A condition characterized by decreased bodily movement}} | |||
== | ==Hypokinesia== | ||
[[File:Parkinson_surgery.jpg|thumb|right|Surgical intervention for Parkinson's disease, a condition associated with hypokinesia.]] | |||
'''Hypokinesia''' is a medical term used to describe a condition characterized by decreased bodily movement. It is often associated with various neurological disorders, most notably [[Parkinson's disease]]. Hypokinesia can significantly impact a person's quality of life, affecting their ability to perform everyday activities. | |||
== | ==Causes== | ||
Hypokinesia is commonly linked to disorders of the [[basal ganglia]], a group of structures in the brain responsible for coordinating movement. The most prevalent cause of hypokinesia is Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder that leads to the degeneration of [[dopaminergic neurons]] in the [[substantia nigra]]. Other causes may include: | |||
* [[Stroke]] | |||
* [[Multiple system atrophy]] | |||
* [[Progressive supranuclear palsy]] | |||
* [[Corticobasal degeneration]] | |||
== | ==Symptoms== | ||
The primary symptom of hypokinesia is a reduction in the amplitude and speed of voluntary movements. This can manifest as: | |||
* [[Bradykinesia]] - Slowness of movement | |||
* [[ | * [[Akinesia]] - Difficulty in initiating movement | ||
* [[ | * Reduced facial expressions, often referred to as "mask-like" face | ||
* | * Decreased arm swing while walking | ||
== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
The diagnosis of hypokinesia is primarily clinical, based on the observation of symptoms and patient history. Neurological examination and imaging studies, such as [[MRI]] or [[CT scan]], may be used to rule out other conditions. In cases of suspected Parkinson's disease, a trial of [[levodopa]] may be administered to assess response. | |||
[[ | ==Treatment== | ||
[[Category: | [[File:Parkinson_surgery.jpg|thumb|left|Deep brain stimulation surgery is a treatment option for severe cases of hypokinesia.]] | ||
Treatment of hypokinesia focuses on addressing the underlying cause. In Parkinson's disease, medications such as levodopa, [[dopamine agonists]], and [[MAO-B inhibitors]] are commonly used to manage symptoms. In advanced cases, surgical interventions like [[deep brain stimulation]] may be considered. | |||
==Prognosis== | |||
The prognosis of hypokinesia depends on its underlying cause. In progressive neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease, symptoms typically worsen over time, although treatment can help manage and alleviate symptoms. | |||
==Related pages== | |||
* [[Parkinson's disease]] | |||
* [[Bradykinesia]] | |||
* [[Basal ganglia]] | |||
* [[Deep brain stimulation]] | |||
[[Category:Neurology]] | |||
[[Category:Movement disorders]] | [[Category:Movement disorders]] | ||
Revision as of 10:58, 15 February 2025
A condition characterized by decreased bodily movement
Hypokinesia
Hypokinesia is a medical term used to describe a condition characterized by decreased bodily movement. It is often associated with various neurological disorders, most notably Parkinson's disease. Hypokinesia can significantly impact a person's quality of life, affecting their ability to perform everyday activities.
Causes
Hypokinesia is commonly linked to disorders of the basal ganglia, a group of structures in the brain responsible for coordinating movement. The most prevalent cause of hypokinesia is Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder that leads to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Other causes may include:
Symptoms
The primary symptom of hypokinesia is a reduction in the amplitude and speed of voluntary movements. This can manifest as:
- Bradykinesia - Slowness of movement
- Akinesia - Difficulty in initiating movement
- Reduced facial expressions, often referred to as "mask-like" face
- Decreased arm swing while walking
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of hypokinesia is primarily clinical, based on the observation of symptoms and patient history. Neurological examination and imaging studies, such as MRI or CT scan, may be used to rule out other conditions. In cases of suspected Parkinson's disease, a trial of levodopa may be administered to assess response.
Treatment
Treatment of hypokinesia focuses on addressing the underlying cause. In Parkinson's disease, medications such as levodopa, dopamine agonists, and MAO-B inhibitors are commonly used to manage symptoms. In advanced cases, surgical interventions like deep brain stimulation may be considered.
Prognosis
The prognosis of hypokinesia depends on its underlying cause. In progressive neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease, symptoms typically worsen over time, although treatment can help manage and alleviate symptoms.
