Desquamative gingivitis: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Desquamative gingivitis | |||
| image = [[File:Desquamative_gingivitis.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Desquamative gingivitis affecting the gums | |||
| field = [[Dentistry]] / [[Dermatology]] | |||
| synonyms = | |||
| symptoms = [[Gingival bleeding]], [[gingival pain]], [[gingival erythema]], [[gingival desquamation]] | |||
| complications = [[Periodontitis]], [[tooth loss]] | |||
| onset = | |||
| duration = | |||
| types = | |||
| causes = [[Autoimmune diseases]], [[lichen planus]], [[pemphigus vulgaris]], [[mucous membrane pemphigoid]] | |||
| risks = | |||
| diagnosis = [[Clinical examination]], [[biopsy]], [[direct immunofluorescence]] | |||
| differential = [[Plaque-induced gingivitis]], [[allergic reactions]], [[trauma]] | |||
| prevention = | |||
| treatment = [[Topical corticosteroids]], [[systemic immunosuppressants]], [[oral hygiene]] | |||
| medication = | |||
| prognosis = | |||
| frequency = | |||
| deaths = | |||
}} | |||
== Desquamative Gingivitis == | == Desquamative Gingivitis == | ||
<!--[[File:Desquamative gingivitis.jpg|-->[[Desquamative gingivitis]] | <!--[[File:Desquamative gingivitis.jpg|-->[[Desquamative gingivitis]] | ||
Desquamative gingivitis is a condition characterized by inflammation and desquamation (shedding) of the gingival tissues. It is not a specific disease but rather a clinical manifestation of various underlying conditions. The term "desquamative gingivitis" was first coined by Dr. Louis Sulzberger in 1930 to describe a group of gingival disorders with similar clinical features. | Desquamative gingivitis is a condition characterized by inflammation and desquamation (shedding) of the gingival tissues. It is not a specific disease but rather a clinical manifestation of various underlying conditions. The term "desquamative gingivitis" was first coined by Dr. Louis Sulzberger in 1930 to describe a group of gingival disorders with similar clinical features. | ||
=== Causes === | === Causes === | ||
Desquamative gingivitis can be caused by several different conditions, including: | Desquamative gingivitis can be caused by several different conditions, including: | ||
1. [[Lichen planus]]: Lichen planus is an autoimmune disorder that affects the skin and mucous membranes, including the gingiva. It presents as white, lacy patches (Wickham's striae) on the oral mucosa, accompanied by erythema and desquamation of the gingival tissues. | 1. [[Lichen planus]]: Lichen planus is an autoimmune disorder that affects the skin and mucous membranes, including the gingiva. It presents as white, lacy patches (Wickham's striae) on the oral mucosa, accompanied by erythema and desquamation of the gingival tissues. | ||
2. [[Pemphigus vulgaris]]: Pemphigus vulgaris is a rare autoimmune blistering disorder that can affect the oral mucosa, including the gingiva. It is characterized by the formation of painful, fragile blisters that rupture and lead to erosions and desquamation of the gingival tissues. | 2. [[Pemphigus vulgaris]]: Pemphigus vulgaris is a rare autoimmune blistering disorder that can affect the oral mucosa, including the gingiva. It is characterized by the formation of painful, fragile blisters that rupture and lead to erosions and desquamation of the gingival tissues. | ||
3. [[Mucous membrane pemphigoid]]: Mucous membrane pemphigoid is a chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the mucous membranes, including the oral cavity. It can cause desquamative gingivitis along with other oral manifestations such as blistering, erosions, and scarring. | 3. [[Mucous membrane pemphigoid]]: Mucous membrane pemphigoid is a chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the mucous membranes, including the oral cavity. It can cause desquamative gingivitis along with other oral manifestations such as blistering, erosions, and scarring. | ||
4. [[Erosive lichen planus]]: Erosive lichen planus is a variant of lichen planus that primarily affects the oral mucosa. It presents with erosions and desquamation of the gingival tissues, often accompanied by pain and discomfort. | 4. [[Erosive lichen planus]]: Erosive lichen planus is a variant of lichen planus that primarily affects the oral mucosa. It presents with erosions and desquamation of the gingival tissues, often accompanied by pain and discomfort. | ||
=== Clinical Features === | === Clinical Features === | ||
The clinical features of desquamative gingivitis include: | The clinical features of desquamative gingivitis include: | ||
1. Erythema: The gingival tissues appear red and inflamed. | 1. Erythema: The gingival tissues appear red and inflamed. | ||
2. Desquamation: The gingival tissues may exhibit peeling or shedding of the outer layers. | 2. Desquamation: The gingival tissues may exhibit peeling or shedding of the outer layers. | ||
3. Erosions: In more severe cases, erosions or ulcerations may be present on the gingiva. | 3. Erosions: In more severe cases, erosions or ulcerations may be present on the gingiva. | ||
4. Pain and discomfort: Patients with desquamative gingivitis often experience pain or discomfort, especially during eating or brushing. | 4. Pain and discomfort: Patients with desquamative gingivitis often experience pain or discomfort, especially during eating or brushing. | ||
=== Diagnosis === | === Diagnosis === | ||
Diagnosing the underlying cause of desquamative gingivitis requires a thorough evaluation by a dental professional or oral medicine specialist. The diagnosis is usually based on a combination of clinical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests, including: | Diagnosing the underlying cause of desquamative gingivitis requires a thorough evaluation by a dental professional or oral medicine specialist. The diagnosis is usually based on a combination of clinical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests, including: | ||
1. Biopsy: A small sample of the affected gingival tissue may be taken for histopathological examination to determine the underlying cause. | 1. Biopsy: A small sample of the affected gingival tissue may be taken for histopathological examination to determine the underlying cause. | ||
2. Immunofluorescence: Immunofluorescence testing can help identify specific antibodies or immune complexes that may be present in the gingival tissues. | 2. Immunofluorescence: Immunofluorescence testing can help identify specific antibodies or immune complexes that may be present in the gingival tissues. | ||
3. Blood tests: Blood tests may be performed to assess for autoimmune markers or other systemic conditions that could be contributing to the desquamative gingivitis. | 3. Blood tests: Blood tests may be performed to assess for autoimmune markers or other systemic conditions that could be contributing to the desquamative gingivitis. | ||
=== Treatment === | === Treatment === | ||
The treatment of desquamative gingivitis depends on the underlying cause. It aims to control inflammation, alleviate symptoms, and manage the underlying condition. Treatment options may include: | The treatment of desquamative gingivitis depends on the underlying cause. It aims to control inflammation, alleviate symptoms, and manage the underlying condition. Treatment options may include: | ||
1. Topical corticosteroids: Topical corticosteroids, such as mouth rinses or ointments, can help reduce inflammation and promote healing of the gingival tissues. | 1. Topical corticosteroids: Topical corticosteroids, such as mouth rinses or ointments, can help reduce inflammation and promote healing of the gingival tissues. | ||
2. Systemic immunosuppressants: In more severe cases, systemic immunosuppressive medications may be prescribed to control the autoimmune response. | 2. Systemic immunosuppressants: In more severe cases, systemic immunosuppressive medications may be prescribed to control the autoimmune response. | ||
3. Oral hygiene measures: Good oral hygiene practices, including gentle brushing and flossing, can help maintain oral health and prevent further irritation of the gingival tissues. | 3. Oral hygiene measures: Good oral hygiene practices, including gentle brushing and flossing, can help maintain oral health and prevent further irritation of the gingival tissues. | ||
4. Symptomatic relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers or topical anesthetics may be recommended to alleviate pain and discomfort. | 4. Symptomatic relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers or topical anesthetics may be recommended to alleviate pain and discomfort. | ||
=== Prognosis === | === Prognosis === | ||
The prognosis of desquamative gingivitis depends on the underlying cause and the individual's response to treatment. With appropriate management, the symptoms can often be controlled, and the condition can be kept in remission. However, desquamative gingivitis may be a chronic condition that requires ongoing monitoring and treatment. | The prognosis of desquamative gingivitis depends on the underlying cause and the individual's response to treatment. With appropriate management, the symptoms can often be controlled, and the condition can be kept in remission. However, desquamative gingivitis may be a chronic condition that requires ongoing monitoring and treatment. | ||
== See Also == | == See Also == | ||
* [[Lichen Planus]] | * [[Lichen Planus]] | ||
* [[Pemphigus Vulgaris]] | * [[Pemphigus Vulgaris]] | ||
* [[Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid]] | * [[Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid]] | ||
* [[Erosive Lichen Planus]] | * [[Erosive Lichen Planus]] | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Oral diseases]] | [[Category:Oral diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Gingival disorders]] | [[Category:Gingival disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Autoimmune diseases]] | [[Category:Autoimmune diseases]] | ||
Revision as of 01:14, 6 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Desquamative gingivitis | |
|---|---|
| File:Desquamative gingivitis.jpg | |
| Synonyms | |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Gingival bleeding, gingival pain, gingival erythema, gingival desquamation |
| Complications | Periodontitis, tooth loss |
| Onset | |
| Duration | |
| Types | |
| Causes | Autoimmune diseases, lichen planus, pemphigus vulgaris, mucous membrane pemphigoid |
| Risks | |
| Diagnosis | Clinical examination, biopsy, direct immunofluorescence |
| Differential diagnosis | Plaque-induced gingivitis, allergic reactions, trauma |
| Prevention | |
| Treatment | Topical corticosteroids, systemic immunosuppressants, oral hygiene |
| Medication | |
| Prognosis | |
| Frequency | |
| Deaths | |
Desquamative Gingivitis
Desquamative gingivitis Desquamative gingivitis is a condition characterized by inflammation and desquamation (shedding) of the gingival tissues. It is not a specific disease but rather a clinical manifestation of various underlying conditions. The term "desquamative gingivitis" was first coined by Dr. Louis Sulzberger in 1930 to describe a group of gingival disorders with similar clinical features.
Causes
Desquamative gingivitis can be caused by several different conditions, including: 1. Lichen planus: Lichen planus is an autoimmune disorder that affects the skin and mucous membranes, including the gingiva. It presents as white, lacy patches (Wickham's striae) on the oral mucosa, accompanied by erythema and desquamation of the gingival tissues. 2. Pemphigus vulgaris: Pemphigus vulgaris is a rare autoimmune blistering disorder that can affect the oral mucosa, including the gingiva. It is characterized by the formation of painful, fragile blisters that rupture and lead to erosions and desquamation of the gingival tissues. 3. Mucous membrane pemphigoid: Mucous membrane pemphigoid is a chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the mucous membranes, including the oral cavity. It can cause desquamative gingivitis along with other oral manifestations such as blistering, erosions, and scarring. 4. Erosive lichen planus: Erosive lichen planus is a variant of lichen planus that primarily affects the oral mucosa. It presents with erosions and desquamation of the gingival tissues, often accompanied by pain and discomfort.
Clinical Features
The clinical features of desquamative gingivitis include: 1. Erythema: The gingival tissues appear red and inflamed. 2. Desquamation: The gingival tissues may exhibit peeling or shedding of the outer layers. 3. Erosions: In more severe cases, erosions or ulcerations may be present on the gingiva. 4. Pain and discomfort: Patients with desquamative gingivitis often experience pain or discomfort, especially during eating or brushing.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing the underlying cause of desquamative gingivitis requires a thorough evaluation by a dental professional or oral medicine specialist. The diagnosis is usually based on a combination of clinical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests, including: 1. Biopsy: A small sample of the affected gingival tissue may be taken for histopathological examination to determine the underlying cause. 2. Immunofluorescence: Immunofluorescence testing can help identify specific antibodies or immune complexes that may be present in the gingival tissues. 3. Blood tests: Blood tests may be performed to assess for autoimmune markers or other systemic conditions that could be contributing to the desquamative gingivitis.
Treatment
The treatment of desquamative gingivitis depends on the underlying cause. It aims to control inflammation, alleviate symptoms, and manage the underlying condition. Treatment options may include: 1. Topical corticosteroids: Topical corticosteroids, such as mouth rinses or ointments, can help reduce inflammation and promote healing of the gingival tissues. 2. Systemic immunosuppressants: In more severe cases, systemic immunosuppressive medications may be prescribed to control the autoimmune response. 3. Oral hygiene measures: Good oral hygiene practices, including gentle brushing and flossing, can help maintain oral health and prevent further irritation of the gingival tissues. 4. Symptomatic relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers or topical anesthetics may be recommended to alleviate pain and discomfort.
Prognosis
The prognosis of desquamative gingivitis depends on the underlying cause and the individual's response to treatment. With appropriate management, the symptoms can often be controlled, and the condition can be kept in remission. However, desquamative gingivitis may be a chronic condition that requires ongoing monitoring and treatment.
See Also
References
<references />
