Benign prostatic hyperplasia: Difference between revisions
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Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) [[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]], also known as prostate gland enlargement, is a common medical condition affecting men, typically those aged 50 and older. BPH can lead to bothersome urinary symptoms and potentially serious complications if left untreated. | Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) [[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]], also known as prostate gland enlargement, is a common medical condition affecting men, typically those aged 50 and older. BPH can lead to bothersome urinary symptoms and potentially serious complications if left untreated. | ||
== Pathophysiology == | == Pathophysiology == | ||
The pathophysiology [[Pathophysiology]] of BPH is complex and not fully understood. However, it is believed to involve changes in sex hormone levels, cell proliferation, and apoptotic factors that contribute to the enlargement of the prostate gland [[Prostate]]. | The pathophysiology [[Pathophysiology]] of BPH is complex and not fully understood. However, it is believed to involve changes in sex hormone levels, cell proliferation, and apoptotic factors that contribute to the enlargement of the prostate gland [[Prostate]]. | ||
Latest revision as of 18:55, 4 April 2025
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| Benign prostatic hyperplasia | |
|---|---|
| File:Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia nci-vol-7137-300.jpg | |
| Synonyms | Benign prostatic hypertrophy, benign prostatic obstruction |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Frequent urination, nocturia, urinary retention, urinary tract infection |
| Complications | Bladder stones, chronic kidney disease, urinary tract infection |
| Onset | Usually after age 40 |
| Duration | Long term |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Aging, hormonal changes |
| Risks | Family history, obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease |
| Diagnosis | Digital rectal examination, urinalysis, prostate-specific antigen test, ultrasound |
| Differential diagnosis | Prostate cancer, prostatitis, urethral stricture |
| Prevention | Healthy diet, regular exercise, weight management |
| Treatment | Medications, surgery, minimally invasive procedures |
| Medication | Alpha blockers, 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors |
| Prognosis | N/A |
| Frequency | Affects about 50% of men over 50, 90% of men over 80 |
| Deaths | Rarely directly causes death |
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) Benign prostatic hyperplasia, also known as prostate gland enlargement, is a common medical condition affecting men, typically those aged 50 and older. BPH can lead to bothersome urinary symptoms and potentially serious complications if left untreated.
Pathophysiology[edit]
The pathophysiology Pathophysiology of BPH is complex and not fully understood. However, it is believed to involve changes in sex hormone levels, cell proliferation, and apoptotic factors that contribute to the enlargement of the prostate gland Prostate.
Symptoms[edit]
The symptoms of BPH are often related to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) Lower urinary tract symptoms. These can include increased frequency of urination, nocturia Nocturia, difficulty starting and stopping urination, weak urinary stream, and a sensation of incomplete bladder emptying.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of BPH typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination (including a digital rectal exam Digital rectal examination), and diagnostic tests such as blood tests for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) Prostate-specific antigen, urine tests, and imaging studies like transrectal ultrasound Transrectal ultrasonography. In some cases, urodynamic tests or cystoscopy Cystoscopy may be used.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for BPH depends on the severity of symptoms and the risk of complications. Options include watchful waiting, lifestyle modifications, medication (such as alpha blockers Alpha blockers or 5-alpha reductase inhibitors 5-alpha reductase inhibitors), minimally invasive therapies, and surgery (including transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) Transurethral resection of the prostate and prostatectomy Prostatectomy).
Prognosis[edit]
With appropriate treatment, most men with BPH can manage their symptoms and maintain a good quality of life. However, if left untreated, BPH can lead to complications such as acute urinary retention Urinary retention and kidney damage.
Epidemiology[edit]
BPH is a common condition, with prevalence increasing with age. It affects approximately 50% of men in their 50s, increasing to over 80% in men over the age of 80.
