Substantia nigra: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Part of the brain involved in movement and reward}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}} | |||
The ''' | ==Substantia Nigra== | ||
The '''substantia nigra''' is a basal ganglia structure located in the midbrain that plays an important role in [[movement]] and [[reward]]. It is composed of two parts: the pars compacta and the pars reticulata. The substantia nigra is known for its high content of [[dopamine]]-producing neurons, which are crucial for motor control. | |||
[[File:Substantia_nigra.gif|thumb|right|Animation showing the location of the substantia nigra in the brain.]] | |||
==Anatomy== | ==Anatomy== | ||
The substantia nigra is located in the midbrain, below the [[thalamus]] and above the [[pons]]. It is part of the [[basal ganglia]], a group of nuclei that are involved in coordinating movement. | |||
[[File:Basal-ganglia-coronal-sections-large.png|thumb|left|Coronal sections of the basal ganglia, showing the location of the substantia nigra.]] | |||
===Pars Compacta=== | |||
The pars compacta is the dorsal part of the substantia nigra and contains densely packed, pigmented neurons. These neurons produce dopamine, which is released into the [[striatum]] and is essential for the regulation of movement. | |||
The | ===Pars Reticulata=== | ||
The pars reticulata is the ventral part of the substantia nigra and is involved in the output of signals from the basal ganglia to other parts of the brain. It is primarily composed of GABAergic neurons. | |||
==Function== | ==Function== | ||
The substantia nigra plays a critical role in the modulation of movement and reward. Dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta project to the striatum, forming the nigrostriatal pathway, which is crucial for the initiation and smooth execution of movement. | |||
[[File:Basal_ganglia_diagram.svg|thumb|right|Diagram of the basal ganglia, illustrating the connections of the substantia nigra.]] | |||
==Pathology== | |||
Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra is a hallmark of [[Parkinson's disease]], a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. | |||
[[File:Blausen_0704_ParkinsonsDisease.png|thumb|left|Illustration of Parkinson's disease, showing the degeneration of the substantia nigra.]] | |||
===Lewy Body Pathology=== | |||
In Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies, abnormal aggregates of protein known as [[Lewy bodies]] are found in the substantia nigra. | |||
[[File:Substantia_nigra_with_Lewy_body_pathology.svg|thumb|right|Diagram showing Lewy body pathology in the substantia nigra.]] | |||
==Neurotransmitter Pathways== | |||
The substantia nigra is a key component of the dopaminergic system, with pathways that influence various brain functions. | |||
[[File:Dopamine_and_serotonin_pathways.png|thumb|left|Diagram of dopamine and serotonin pathways in the brain.]] | |||
==Related Pages== | |||
* [[Basal ganglia]] | * [[Basal ganglia]] | ||
* [[Parkinson's disease]] | |||
* [[Dopamine]] | * [[Dopamine]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Lewy body]] | ||
[[Category:Basal ganglia]] | |||
[[Category: | |||
[[Category:Midbrain]] | [[Category:Midbrain]] | ||
[[Category:Parkinson's disease]] | [[Category:Parkinson's disease]] | ||
Latest revision as of 14:11, 21 February 2025
Part of the brain involved in movement and reward
Substantia Nigra[edit]
The substantia nigra is a basal ganglia structure located in the midbrain that plays an important role in movement and reward. It is composed of two parts: the pars compacta and the pars reticulata. The substantia nigra is known for its high content of dopamine-producing neurons, which are crucial for motor control.
Anatomy[edit]
The substantia nigra is located in the midbrain, below the thalamus and above the pons. It is part of the basal ganglia, a group of nuclei that are involved in coordinating movement.
Pars Compacta[edit]
The pars compacta is the dorsal part of the substantia nigra and contains densely packed, pigmented neurons. These neurons produce dopamine, which is released into the striatum and is essential for the regulation of movement.
Pars Reticulata[edit]
The pars reticulata is the ventral part of the substantia nigra and is involved in the output of signals from the basal ganglia to other parts of the brain. It is primarily composed of GABAergic neurons.
Function[edit]
The substantia nigra plays a critical role in the modulation of movement and reward. Dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta project to the striatum, forming the nigrostriatal pathway, which is crucial for the initiation and smooth execution of movement.
Pathology[edit]
Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.
Lewy Body Pathology[edit]
In Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies, abnormal aggregates of protein known as Lewy bodies are found in the substantia nigra.
Neurotransmitter Pathways[edit]
The substantia nigra is a key component of the dopaminergic system, with pathways that influence various brain functions.
