Striatum
Striatum
The Striatum (/straɪˈeɪtəm/), derived from the Latin word "Striatus" meaning "striped", is a subcortical part of the forebrain. It is a critical component of the basal ganglia, which is involved in the control of movement and reward.
Anatomy
The striatum is divided into two main parts: the dorsal striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen) and the ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle). These parts are separated by the internal capsule, a white matter tract.
Function
The striatum plays a significant role in the planning and modulation of movement pathways but is also involved in various other cognitive processes. It is primarily associated with motor and reward systems. The striatum receives input from the cerebral cortex and is the primary input to the rest of the basal ganglia.
Clinical significance
Abnormalities or damage to the striatum can lead to a number of disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and various mood disorders. In Parkinson's disease, there is a loss of dopamine-producing cells in the striatum, leading to motor symptoms. In Huntington's disease, there is a loss of GABA-producing cells, leading to a variety of motor and cognitive symptoms.
Related terms
- Basal ganglia
- Dorsal striatum
- Ventral striatum
- Caudate nucleus
- Putamen
- Nucleus accumbens
- Olfactory tubercle
- Internal capsule
- Cerebral cortex
- Parkinson's disease
- Huntington's disease
- Mood disorders
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Striatum
- Wikipedia's article - Striatum
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