Acetyl-CoA hydrolase: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 06:00, 16 February 2025

Acetyl-CoA Hydrolase[edit]

Acetyl-CoA hydrolase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the metabolism of acetyl-CoA, a key molecule in various biochemical pathways. This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of acetyl-CoA to acetate and coenzyme A (CoA), thereby regulating the levels of acetyl-CoA within the cell.

Function[edit]

Acetyl-CoA hydrolase is involved in the regulation of acetyl-CoA concentrations in the cytosol and mitochondria. By converting acetyl-CoA into acetate and CoA, it helps maintain the balance of acetyl-CoA, which is essential for various metabolic processes such as the citric acid cycle, fatty acid synthesis, and ketogenesis.

Mechanism[edit]

The enzyme functions by cleaving the thioester bond in acetyl-CoA, releasing acetate and CoA. This reaction is important for controlling the availability of acetyl-CoA for other metabolic pathways. The activity of acetyl-CoA hydrolase can be influenced by various factors, including the energy status of the cell and the presence of other metabolic intermediates.

Biological Significance[edit]

Acetyl-CoA is a central metabolite in energy production and biosynthetic pathways. The regulation of acetyl-CoA levels by acetyl-CoA hydrolase is critical for maintaining cellular energy homeostasis. In the liver, for example, the enzyme helps regulate the balance between lipogenesis and ketogenesis, depending on the nutritional state of the organism.

Clinical Relevance[edit]

Dysregulation of acetyl-CoA hydrolase activity can lead to metabolic disorders. For instance, altered enzyme activity may contribute to conditions such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance. Understanding the role of acetyl-CoA hydrolase in these diseases could provide insights into potential therapeutic targets.

Related Pages[edit]

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-{{Short description|Enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of acetyl-CoA}}
+== Acetyl-CoA Hydrolase ==
-{{Enzyme}}
-'''Acetyl-CoA hydrolase''' is an [[enzyme]] that catalyzes the hydrolysis of [[acetyl-CoA]] into [[acetate]] and [[coenzyme A]] (CoA). This reaction is important in the regulation of acetyl-CoA levels within the cell, influencing various metabolic pathways.
+[[File:Acetyl-CoA_hydrolase.svg|thumb|right|Diagram of Acetyl-CoA Hydrolase]]
-==Function==
+'''Acetyl-CoA hydrolase''' is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the metabolism of [[acetyl-CoA]], a key molecule in various biochemical pathways. This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of acetyl-CoA to [[acetate]] and [[coenzyme A]] (CoA), thereby regulating the levels of acetyl-CoA within the cell.
-Acetyl-CoA hydrolase plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism by regulating the concentration of acetyl-CoA, a key molecule involved in numerous biochemical processes. Acetyl-CoA is a central metabolite in the [[citric acid cycle]], [[fatty acid synthesis]], and the [[biosynthesis]] of [[cholesterol]] and other [[lipids]]. By hydrolyzing acetyl-CoA, acetyl-CoA hydrolase helps maintain metabolic balance and energy homeostasis.
-==Mechanism==
+== Function ==
-The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of acetyl-CoA through a mechanism that involves the nucleophilic attack on the thioester bond of acetyl-CoA. This reaction results in the formation of acetate and free coenzyme A. The activity of acetyl-CoA hydrolase is regulated by various factors, including substrate availability and allosteric effectors.
-==Structure==
+Acetyl-CoA hydrolase is involved in the regulation of acetyl-CoA concentrations in the [[cytosol]] and [[mitochondria]]. By converting acetyl-CoA into acetate and CoA, it helps maintain the balance of acetyl-CoA, which is essential for various metabolic processes such as the [[citric acid cycle]], [[fatty acid synthesis]], and [[ketogenesis]].
-Acetyl-CoA hydrolase is a protein that can exist in different isoforms, depending on the tissue type and organism. The enzyme typically consists of multiple subunits that form a complex structure, allowing it to efficiently catalyze the hydrolysis reaction. The active site of the enzyme is specifically adapted to bind acetyl-CoA and facilitate its conversion to acetate and CoA.
-==Biological significance==
+== Mechanism ==
-The regulation of acetyl-CoA levels by acetyl-CoA hydrolase is vital for cellular function. Excess acetyl-CoA can lead to metabolic imbalances and contribute to the development of metabolic disorders. By controlling acetyl-CoA concentrations, acetyl-CoA hydrolase helps prevent the accumulation of potentially harmful intermediates and supports normal cellular metabolism.
-==Clinical relevance==
+The enzyme functions by cleaving the thioester bond in acetyl-CoA, releasing acetate and CoA. This reaction is important for controlling the availability of acetyl-CoA for other metabolic pathways. The activity of acetyl-CoA hydrolase can be influenced by various factors, including the energy status of the cell and the presence of other metabolic intermediates.
-Dysregulation of acetyl-CoA hydrolase activity has been implicated in various metabolic diseases, including [[diabetes]] and [[obesity]]. Understanding the role of this enzyme in metabolic pathways can provide insights into the development of therapeutic strategies for these conditions.
+== Biological Significance ==
+Acetyl-CoA is a central metabolite in energy production and biosynthetic pathways. The regulation of acetyl-CoA levels by acetyl-CoA hydrolase is critical for maintaining cellular energy homeostasis. In the liver, for example, the enzyme helps regulate the balance between [[lipogenesis]] and [[ketogenesis]], depending on the nutritional state of the organism.
+== Clinical Relevance ==
+Dysregulation of acetyl-CoA hydrolase activity can lead to metabolic disorders. For instance, altered enzyme activity may contribute to conditions such as [[non-alcoholic fatty liver disease]] (NAFLD) and [[insulin resistance]]. Understanding the role of acetyl-CoA hydrolase in these diseases could provide insights into potential therapeutic targets.
+== Related Pages ==
-==Related pages==
 * [[Acetyl-CoA]]
 * [[Citric acid cycle]]
 * [[Fatty acid synthesis]]
+* [[Ketogenesis]]
 * [[Coenzyme A]]
-==Gallery==
-<gallery>
-File:Acetyl-CoA_hydrolase.svg|Diagram of acetyl-CoA hydrolase
-</gallery>
 [[Category:Enzymes]]
 [[Category:Metabolism]]