Placenta praevia: Difference between revisions

Placenta praevia
Synonyms	Low-lying placenta
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Vaginal bleeding in the second half of pregnancy
Complications	Preterm birth, fetal distress, hemorrhage
Onset	Second trimester
Duration	Until delivery
Types	N/A
Causes	Abnormal implantation of the placenta
Risks	Previous cesarean section, multiple pregnancy, smoking, advanced maternal age
Diagnosis	Ultrasound
Differential diagnosis	Placental abruption, vasa previa
Prevention	None
Treatment	Bed rest, cesarean section if necessary
Medication	Corticosteroids for fetal lung maturity
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	0.5% of pregnancies
Deaths	Rare with modern medical care

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A condition in pregnancy where the placenta partially or wholly blocks the cervix.

Placenta praevia is a condition in pregnancy where the placenta is abnormally positioned in the uterus, covering the cervix either partially or completely. This can lead to complications during childbirth, as the placenta may obstruct the passage of the baby through the birth canal.

Types[edit]

Placenta praevia is classified into several types based on the degree to which the placenta covers the cervix:

Complete placenta praevia: The placenta completely covers the cervical opening.
Partial placenta praevia: The placenta partially covers the cervix.
Marginal placenta praevia: The placenta is at the edge of the cervix but does not cover it.
Low-lying placenta: The placenta is positioned low in the uterus but does not reach the cervix.

Symptoms[edit]

The primary symptom of placenta praevia is painless vaginal bleeding during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. The bleeding can vary in severity and may occur suddenly.

Diagnosis[edit]

Placenta praevia is typically diagnosed through ultrasound imaging. A transvaginal ultrasound may be used for a more accurate assessment of the placenta's position.

Risk Factors[edit]

Several factors can increase the risk of developing placenta praevia, including:

Previous cesarean section
Multiple pregnancies
Advanced maternal age
Smoking
Previous placenta praevia

Management[edit]

Management of placenta praevia depends on the severity of the condition and the stage of pregnancy. Options include:

Observation: In cases where the bleeding is minimal and the pregnancy is not yet full-term, careful monitoring may be sufficient.
Hospitalization: For more severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to manage bleeding and monitor the health of the mother and baby.
Cesarean delivery: If the placenta completely covers the cervix, a cesarean section is usually required to safely deliver the baby.

Complications[edit]

Placenta praevia can lead to several complications, including:

Preterm birth
Hemorrhage
Placental abruption
Increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Placenta praevia''' is a condition in pregnancy where the [[placenta]] attaches itself in the lower part of the [[uterus]] near to or covering the [[cervix]]. It is a leading cause of [[Antepartum haemorrhage]] (bleeding in late pregnancy).
+{{SI}}
+{{Infobox medical condition
-== Causes ==
+| name            = Placenta praevia
-The exact cause of placenta praevia is unknown, but it is more common in women who have had a previous [[Caesarean section]], a higher number of pregnancies, are older, and in those who smoke or have had a surgical procedure on their uterus such as a [[Dilation and curettage]].
+| image           = [[File:Placta_prv.jpg]]
+| caption         = Ultrasound image showing placenta praevia
-== Symptoms ==
+| field           = [[Obstetrics]]
-The main symptom of placenta praevia is painless bleeding from the vagina during the second half of pregnancy. Other symptoms may include [[premature birth]] and [[baby in breech position]].
+| synonyms        = Low-lying placenta
+| symptoms        = [[Vaginal bleeding]] in the second half of pregnancy
-== Diagnosis ==
+| complications   = [[Preterm birth]], [[fetal distress]], [[hemorrhage]]
-Placenta praevia is usually diagnosed during a routine [[Ultrasound]] scan in the second trimester of pregnancy. If placenta praevia is suspected, a follow-up scan is usually performed at 32 weeks.
+| onset           = Second trimester
+| duration        = Until delivery
-== Treatment ==
+| causes          = [[Abnormal implantation]] of the placenta
-The treatment for placenta praevia depends on the extent of the placenta covering the cervix and the gestational age of the fetus. If the placenta is completely covering the cervix, a [[Caesarean section]] is usually performed. If the placenta is not completely covering the cervix, a vaginal delivery may be possible.
+| risks           = [[Previous cesarean section]], [[multiple pregnancy]], [[smoking]], [[advanced maternal age]]
+| diagnosis       = [[Ultrasound]]
-== Complications ==
+| differential    = [[Placental abruption]], [[vasa previa]]
-Complications of placenta praevia can include [[premature birth]], [[baby in breech position]], [[Antepartum haemorrhage]], and [[postpartum haemorrhage]].
+| prevention      = None
+| treatment       = [[Bed rest]], [[cesarean section]] if necessary
+| medication      = [[Corticosteroids]] for fetal lung maturity
+| frequency       = 0.5% of pregnancies
+| deaths          = Rare with modern medical care
+}}
+{{Short description|A condition in pregnancy where the placenta partially or wholly blocks the cervix.}}
+'''Placenta praevia''' is a condition in [[pregnancy]] where the [[placenta]] is abnormally positioned in the [[uterus]], covering the [[cervix]] either partially or completely. This can lead to complications during [[childbirth]], as the placenta may obstruct the passage of the baby through the birth canal.
+=== Types ===
+Placenta praevia is classified into several types based on the degree to which the placenta covers the cervix:
+* '''Complete placenta praevia''': The placenta completely covers the cervical opening.
+* '''Partial placenta praevia''': The placenta partially covers the cervix.
+* '''Marginal placenta praevia''': The placenta is at the edge of the cervix but does not cover it.
+* '''Low-lying placenta''': The placenta is positioned low in the uterus but does not reach the cervix.
+=== Symptoms ===
+The primary symptom of placenta praevia is painless [[vaginal bleeding]] during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. The bleeding can vary in severity and may occur suddenly.
+=== Diagnosis ===
+Placenta praevia is typically diagnosed through [[ultrasound]] imaging. A [[transvaginal ultrasound]] may be used for a more accurate assessment of the placenta's position.
+=== Risk Factors ===
+Several factors can increase the risk of developing placenta praevia, including:
+* Previous [[cesarean section]]
+* Multiple pregnancies
+* Advanced maternal age
+* Smoking
+* Previous placenta praevia
+=== Management ===
+Management of placenta praevia depends on the severity of the condition and the stage of pregnancy. Options include:
+* '''Observation''': In cases where the bleeding is minimal and the pregnancy is not yet full-term, careful monitoring may be sufficient.
+* '''Hospitalization''': For more severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to manage bleeding and monitor the health of the mother and baby.
+* '''Cesarean delivery''': If the placenta completely covers the cervix, a cesarean section is usually required to safely deliver the baby.
+=== Complications ===
+Placenta praevia can lead to several complications, including:
+* Preterm birth
+* [[Hemorrhage]]
+* Placental abruption
+* Increased risk of [[postpartum hemorrhage]]
 == See also ==
-* [[Placenta accreta]]
+* [[Pregnancy]]
-* [[Placenta increta]]
+* [[Placenta]]
-* [[Placenta percreta]]
+* [[Cesarean section]]
+* [[Vaginal bleeding]]
-== References ==
-<references />
 [[Category:Obstetrics]]
-[[Category:Pathology]]
+[[Category:Pregnancy complications]]
-[[Category:Gynaecology]]
-[[Category:Pregnancy]]
-{{stub}}

Placenta praevia

Synonyms	Low-lying placenta
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Vaginal bleeding in the second half of pregnancy
Complications	Preterm birth, fetal distress, hemorrhage
Onset	Second trimester
Duration	Until delivery
Types	N/A
Causes	Abnormal implantation of the placenta
Risks	Previous cesarean section, multiple pregnancy, smoking, advanced maternal age
Diagnosis	Ultrasound
Differential diagnosis	Placental abruption, vasa previa
Prevention	None
Treatment	Bed rest, cesarean section if necessary
Medication	Corticosteroids for fetal lung maturity
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	0.5% of pregnancies
Deaths	Rare with modern medical care