Essential hypertension: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Essential hypertension | |||
| image = [[File:Cardiac_cycle_pressure_only.png|250px]] | |||
| caption = Blood pressure changes during the cardiac cycle | |||
| field = [[Cardiology]] | |||
| synonyms = Primary hypertension, idiopathic hypertension | |||
| symptoms = Often none; may include [[headache]], [[dizziness]], [[shortness of breath]] | |||
| complications = [[Stroke]], [[heart attack]], [[heart failure]], [[chronic kidney disease]], [[vision loss]] | |||
| onset = Typically [[middle age]] | |||
| duration = Long term | |||
| causes = [[Genetic factors]], [[lifestyle factors]] (e.g., [[diet]], [[physical inactivity]], [[obesity]]) | |||
| risks = [[Family history]], [[age]], [[high salt intake]], [[alcohol consumption]], [[smoking]], [[stress]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Blood pressure measurement]] | |||
| differential = [[Secondary hypertension]] | |||
| prevention = [[Healthy diet]], [[regular exercise]], [[weight management]], [[limiting alcohol]], [[smoking cessation]] | |||
| treatment = [[Lifestyle changes]], [[antihypertensive medication]] | |||
| medication = [[ACE inhibitors]], [[beta blockers]], [[calcium channel blockers]], [[diuretics]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable; can be managed with treatment | |||
| frequency = Affects 1 in 3 adults in the United States | |||
| deaths = Leading cause of [[cardiovascular disease]] deaths | |||
}} | |||
[[File:Arterial_pressure_diagram.png|Essential hypertension|thumb|left]] | |||
'''Essential Hypertension''' is a medical condition characterized by high blood pressure with no identifiable cause. It is also known as primary hypertension. | '''Essential Hypertension''' is a medical condition characterized by high blood pressure with no identifiable cause. It is also known as primary hypertension. | ||
==Definition== | ==Definition== | ||
Essential hypertension is a type of [[hypertension]] that does not have a known secondary cause. It's also referred to as primary hypertension. According to the [[American Heart Association]], this type of hypertension tends to develop gradually over many years. | Essential hypertension is a type of [[hypertension]] that does not have a known secondary cause. It's also referred to as primary hypertension. According to the [[American Heart Association]], this type of hypertension tends to develop gradually over many years. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
While the exact causes of essential hypertension are not known, several factors have been linked to this condition. These include [[genetics]], age, [[diet]], and [[lifestyle]] factors such as stress and lack of exercise. | While the exact causes of essential hypertension are not known, several factors have been linked to this condition. These include [[genetics]], age, [[diet]], and [[lifestyle]] factors such as stress and lack of exercise. | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
Most people with essential hypertension have no symptoms, even if blood pressure readings reach dangerously high levels. Some people may experience headaches, shortness of breath, or [[nosebleeds]], but these symptoms aren't specific and usually don't occur until high blood pressure has reached a severe or life-threatening stage. | Most people with essential hypertension have no symptoms, even if blood pressure readings reach dangerously high levels. Some people may experience headaches, shortness of breath, or [[nosebleeds]], but these symptoms aren't specific and usually don't occur until high blood pressure has reached a severe or life-threatening stage. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of essential hypertension is made by a healthcare provider using a [[blood pressure monitor]]. If a person has a blood pressure reading of 140/90 mmHg or higher on two or more occasions, they may be diagnosed with hypertension. | Diagnosis of essential hypertension is made by a healthcare provider using a [[blood pressure monitor]]. If a person has a blood pressure reading of 140/90 mmHg or higher on two or more occasions, they may be diagnosed with hypertension. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment for essential hypertension includes lifestyle modifications and medications. Lifestyle changes can include a healthy diet, regular exercise, quitting smoking, and limiting alcohol intake. Medications used to treat essential hypertension include [[diuretics]], [[beta-blockers]], [[calcium channel blockers]], and [[angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors]]. | Treatment for essential hypertension includes lifestyle modifications and medications. Lifestyle changes can include a healthy diet, regular exercise, quitting smoking, and limiting alcohol intake. Medications used to treat essential hypertension include [[diuretics]], [[beta-blockers]], [[calcium channel blockers]], and [[angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors]]. | ||
==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
Prevention strategies for essential hypertension include maintaining a healthy weight, regular exercise, a diet low in salt and saturated fats, and limiting alcohol intake. | Prevention strategies for essential hypertension include maintaining a healthy weight, regular exercise, a diet low in salt and saturated fats, and limiting alcohol intake. | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
* [[Hypertension]] | * [[Hypertension]] | ||
| Line 24: | Line 40: | ||
* [[Blood pressure]] | * [[Blood pressure]] | ||
* [[Heart disease]] | * [[Heart disease]] | ||
[[Category:Medical Conditions]] | [[Category:Medical Conditions]] | ||
[[Category:Hypertension]] | [[Category:Hypertension]] | ||
[[Category:Cardiology]] | [[Category:Cardiology]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 02:04, 6 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Essential hypertension | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Primary hypertension, idiopathic hypertension |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Often none; may include headache, dizziness, shortness of breath |
| Complications | Stroke, heart attack, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, vision loss |
| Onset | Typically middle age |
| Duration | Long term |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Genetic factors, lifestyle factors (e.g., diet, physical inactivity, obesity) |
| Risks | Family history, age, high salt intake, alcohol consumption, smoking, stress |
| Diagnosis | Blood pressure measurement |
| Differential diagnosis | Secondary hypertension |
| Prevention | Healthy diet, regular exercise, weight management, limiting alcohol, smoking cessation |
| Treatment | Lifestyle changes, antihypertensive medication |
| Medication | ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics |
| Prognosis | Variable; can be managed with treatment |
| Frequency | Affects 1 in 3 adults in the United States |
| Deaths | Leading cause of cardiovascular disease deaths |
Essential Hypertension is a medical condition characterized by high blood pressure with no identifiable cause. It is also known as primary hypertension.
Definition[edit]
Essential hypertension is a type of hypertension that does not have a known secondary cause. It's also referred to as primary hypertension. According to the American Heart Association, this type of hypertension tends to develop gradually over many years.
Causes[edit]
While the exact causes of essential hypertension are not known, several factors have been linked to this condition. These include genetics, age, diet, and lifestyle factors such as stress and lack of exercise.
Symptoms[edit]
Most people with essential hypertension have no symptoms, even if blood pressure readings reach dangerously high levels. Some people may experience headaches, shortness of breath, or nosebleeds, but these symptoms aren't specific and usually don't occur until high blood pressure has reached a severe or life-threatening stage.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of essential hypertension is made by a healthcare provider using a blood pressure monitor. If a person has a blood pressure reading of 140/90 mmHg or higher on two or more occasions, they may be diagnosed with hypertension.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for essential hypertension includes lifestyle modifications and medications. Lifestyle changes can include a healthy diet, regular exercise, quitting smoking, and limiting alcohol intake. Medications used to treat essential hypertension include diuretics, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.
Prevention[edit]
Prevention strategies for essential hypertension include maintaining a healthy weight, regular exercise, a diet low in salt and saturated fats, and limiting alcohol intake.
