Pericarditis: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Pericarditis | |||
| image = [[File:Pericarditis10.JPG|left|thumb|Pericarditis]] | |||
| caption = Inflammation of the pericardium | |||
| field = [[Cardiology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Chest pain]], [[fever]], [[shortness of breath]] | |||
| complications = [[Cardiac tamponade]], [[constrictive pericarditis]] | |||
| onset = Sudden or gradual | |||
| duration = Days to weeks | |||
| causes = [[Viral infection]], [[bacterial infection]], [[myocardial infarction]], [[autoimmune disorders]] | |||
| risks = [[Recent heart attack]], [[autoimmune disease]], [[chest trauma]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Electrocardiogram]], [[chest X-ray]], [[echocardiogram]], [[blood tests]] | |||
| differential = [[Myocardial infarction]], [[pulmonary embolism]], [[pneumonia]] | |||
| treatment = [[Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug|NSAIDs]], [[colchicine]], [[corticosteroids]] | |||
| prognosis = Generally good with treatment | |||
| frequency = 3 per 10,000 per year | |||
}} | |||
[[Pericarditis]] is an inflammation of the pericardium, the double-walled sac that encloses the heart. It may occur suddenly and resolve after a few weeks (acute), or symptoms may recur or persist over time (chronic)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Imazio|first=Massimo|year=2013|title=Contemporary management of pericardial diseases|journal=Curr Opin Cardiol.|volume=28|pages=308–17}}</ref>. | [[Pericarditis]] is an inflammation of the pericardium, the double-walled sac that encloses the heart. It may occur suddenly and resolve after a few weeks (acute), or symptoms may recur or persist over time (chronic)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Imazio|first=Massimo|year=2013|title=Contemporary management of pericardial diseases|journal=Curr Opin Cardiol.|volume=28|pages=308–17}}</ref>. | ||
[[File:Pericarditis.jpg|thumb|Pericarditis]] | [[File:Pericarditis.jpg|left|thumb|Pericarditis]] | ||
[[File:The principles and practice of veterinary medicine BHL20482559.jpg|thumb|The principles and practice of veterinary medicine BHL20482559]] | [[File:The principles and practice of veterinary medicine BHL20482559.jpg|left|thumb|The principles and practice of veterinary medicine BHL20482559]] | ||
=== Etiology === | === Etiology === | ||
Pericarditis can be caused by a variety of factors, including: | Pericarditis can be caused by a variety of factors, including: | ||
'''[[Viral infections]]:''' The most common cause of pericarditis, especially in younger patients. | '''[[Viral infections]]:''' The most common cause of pericarditis, especially in younger patients. | ||
'''[[Autoimmune diseases]]:''' Conditions such as [[rheumatoid arthritis]], [[lupus]], and [[scleroderma]] can lead to pericarditis. | '''[[Autoimmune diseases]]:''' Conditions such as [[rheumatoid arthritis]], [[lupus]], and [[scleroderma]] can lead to pericarditis. | ||
| Line 12: | Line 28: | ||
'''[[Cancer]]:''' Malignancies that spread to the pericardium, such as lung or breast cancer, can cause pericarditis. | '''[[Cancer]]:''' Malignancies that spread to the pericardium, such as lung or breast cancer, can cause pericarditis. | ||
=== Clinical Features === | === Clinical Features === | ||
The cardinal symptom of pericarditis is chest pain, typically sharp and located in the middle or left side of the chest. The pain can radiate to the shoulders and neck and often worsens when lying flat. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, fatigue, cough, and fever<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Little|first=William|year=2012|title=Pericardial disease|journal=Circulation|volume=113|pages=e61–e64}}</ref>. | The cardinal symptom of pericarditis is chest pain, typically sharp and located in the middle or left side of the chest. The pain can radiate to the shoulders and neck and often worsens when lying flat. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, fatigue, cough, and fever<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Little|first=William|year=2012|title=Pericardial disease|journal=Circulation|volume=113|pages=e61–e64}}</ref>. | ||
=== Diagnosis === | === Diagnosis === | ||
The diagnosis is typically made through history and physical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG), and often confirmed with an echocardiogram. Additional tests may include blood tests, chest X-ray, CT scan, or MRI of the heart. | The diagnosis is typically made through history and physical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG), and often confirmed with an echocardiogram. Additional tests may include blood tests, chest X-ray, CT scan, or MRI of the heart. | ||
=== Treatment === | === Treatment === | ||
The primary treatment for pericarditis is aimed at reducing inflammation and managing pain. It often involves non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and colchicine. In severe cases, corticosteroids or pericardiocentesis may be needed. The underlying cause, if identified, should also be treated<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Klein|first=Allan|year=2014|title=American Society of Echocardiography clinical recommendations for multimodality cardiovascular imaging of patients with pericardial disease|journal=J Am Soc Echocardiogr.|volume=27|pages=911–939}}</ref>. | The primary treatment for pericarditis is aimed at reducing inflammation and managing pain. It often involves non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and colchicine. In severe cases, corticosteroids or pericardiocentesis may be needed. The underlying cause, if identified, should also be treated<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Klein|first=Allan|year=2014|title=American Society of Echocardiography clinical recommendations for multimodality cardiovascular imaging of patients with pericardial disease|journal=J Am Soc Echocardiogr.|volume=27|pages=911–939}}</ref>. | ||
== Summary == | == Summary == | ||
Pericarditis | Pericarditis is [[inflammation]] of the membranous sac that covers the [[heart]], causing [[chest pain]] and [[fever]] | ||
== See Also == | == See Also == | ||
* [[Pericardium]] | * [[Pericardium]] | ||
* [[Myocarditis]] | * [[Myocarditis]] | ||
| Line 33: | Line 41: | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Cardiology]] | [[Category:Cardiology]] | ||
[[Category:Inflammations]] | [[Category:Inflammations]] | ||
[[Category:Diseases]] | [[Category:Diseases]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 12:31, 12 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Pericarditis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Chest pain, fever, shortness of breath |
| Complications | Cardiac tamponade, constrictive pericarditis |
| Onset | Sudden or gradual |
| Duration | Days to weeks |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Viral infection, bacterial infection, myocardial infarction, autoimmune disorders |
| Risks | Recent heart attack, autoimmune disease, chest trauma |
| Diagnosis | Electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, echocardiogram, blood tests |
| Differential diagnosis | Myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | NSAIDs, colchicine, corticosteroids |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Generally good with treatment |
| Frequency | 3 per 10,000 per year |
| Deaths | N/A |
Pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium, the double-walled sac that encloses the heart. It may occur suddenly and resolve after a few weeks (acute), or symptoms may recur or persist over time (chronic)<ref>Imazio, Massimo,
Contemporary management of pericardial diseases, Curr Opin Cardiol., 2013, Vol. 28, pp. 308–17,</ref>.
Etiology[edit]
Pericarditis can be caused by a variety of factors, including: Viral infections: The most common cause of pericarditis, especially in younger patients. Autoimmune diseases: Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and scleroderma can lead to pericarditis. Myocardial infarction: Pericarditis can occur as a complication of a heart attack. Trauma: Physical injury to the heart or chest can cause pericarditis. Cancer: Malignancies that spread to the pericardium, such as lung or breast cancer, can cause pericarditis.
Clinical Features[edit]
The cardinal symptom of pericarditis is chest pain, typically sharp and located in the middle or left side of the chest. The pain can radiate to the shoulders and neck and often worsens when lying flat. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, fatigue, cough, and fever<ref>Little, William,
Pericardial disease, Circulation, 2012, Vol. 113, pp. e61–e64,</ref>.
Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis is typically made through history and physical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG), and often confirmed with an echocardiogram. Additional tests may include blood tests, chest X-ray, CT scan, or MRI of the heart.
Treatment[edit]
The primary treatment for pericarditis is aimed at reducing inflammation and managing pain. It often involves non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and colchicine. In severe cases, corticosteroids or pericardiocentesis may be needed. The underlying cause, if identified, should also be treated<ref>Klein, Allan,
American Society of Echocardiography clinical recommendations for multimodality cardiovascular imaging of patients with pericardial disease, J Am Soc Echocardiogr., 2014, Vol. 27, pp. 911–939,</ref>.
Summary[edit]
Pericarditis is inflammation of the membranous sac that covers the heart, causing chest pain and fever
See Also[edit]
References[edit]
<references/>
