T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia | |||
| image = [[File:T-ALL_cells.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Micrograph of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia | |||
| field = [[Hematology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Fatigue (medical)|Fatigue]], [[pallor]], [[bruising]], [[bleeding]], [[fever]], [[infection]] | |||
| onset = [[Childhood]], [[adolescence]] | |||
| duration = Variable | |||
| causes = [[Genetic mutations]] | |||
| risks = [[Genetic predisposition]], [[radiation exposure]], [[chemical exposure]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Blood test]], [[bone marrow biopsy]], [[immunophenotyping]], [[cytogenetic analysis]] | |||
| differential = [[B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia]], [[acute myeloid leukemia]], [[lymphoblastic lymphoma]] | |||
| treatment = [[Chemotherapy]], [[radiation therapy]], [[stem cell transplant]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, generally poorer than B-ALL | |||
| frequency = Rare, accounts for 15% of [[acute lymphoblastic leukemia]] cases in children | |||
}} | |||
[[File:Human-T-Lymphotropic-Virus-1-Visualized-at-the-Virological-Synapse-by-Electron-Tomography-pone.0002251.s002.ogv|Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1 visualized at the virological synapse|thumb|left]] | |||
[[File:Blausen_0617_LumbarPuncture.png|Lumbar puncture procedure|thumb|left]] | |||
'''T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia''' ('''T-ALL''') is a subtype of [[acute lymphoblastic leukemia]] (ALL), a cancer of the white blood cells. T-ALL affects T cells, a type of [[lymphocyte]] that plays a key role in the immune response. | '''T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia''' ('''T-ALL''') is a subtype of [[acute lymphoblastic leukemia]] (ALL), a cancer of the white blood cells. T-ALL affects T cells, a type of [[lymphocyte]] that plays a key role in the immune response. | ||
==Epidemiology== | ==Epidemiology== | ||
T-ALL accounts for approximately 15% of ALL cases in children and 25% in adults. It is more common in males than in females, and its incidence peaks in adolescence. | T-ALL accounts for approximately 15% of ALL cases in children and 25% in adults. It is more common in males than in females, and its incidence peaks in adolescence. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
T-ALL is characterized by the malignant transformation and proliferation of immature T cells, or T lymphoblasts. This is often associated with genetic abnormalities, such as translocations and mutations, that disrupt normal T cell development. | T-ALL is characterized by the malignant transformation and proliferation of immature T cells, or T lymphoblasts. This is often associated with genetic abnormalities, such as translocations and mutations, that disrupt normal T cell development. | ||
==Clinical presentation== | ==Clinical presentation== | ||
Patients with T-ALL typically present with signs and symptoms of bone marrow failure, such as fatigue, pallor, and bleeding, as well as lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and sometimes mediastinal mass. | Patients with T-ALL typically present with signs and symptoms of bone marrow failure, such as fatigue, pallor, and bleeding, as well as lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and sometimes mediastinal mass. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
The diagnosis of T-ALL is based on the morphological, immunophenotypic, and genetic analysis of peripheral blood and bone marrow samples. The presence of T lymphoblasts in these samples is indicative of T-ALL. | The diagnosis of T-ALL is based on the morphological, immunophenotypic, and genetic analysis of peripheral blood and bone marrow samples. The presence of T lymphoblasts in these samples is indicative of T-ALL. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
The treatment of T-ALL involves intensive chemotherapy, often followed by stem cell transplantation in high-risk cases. Despite advances in treatment, the prognosis of T-ALL remains poor, particularly in adults. | The treatment of T-ALL involves intensive chemotherapy, often followed by stem cell transplantation in high-risk cases. Despite advances in treatment, the prognosis of T-ALL remains poor, particularly in adults. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis of T-ALL is generally worse than that of B-cell ALL, with lower rates of complete remission and higher rates of relapse. However, recent advances in treatment have improved the prognosis of T-ALL, particularly in children. | The prognosis of T-ALL is generally worse than that of B-cell ALL, with lower rates of complete remission and higher rates of relapse. However, recent advances in treatment have improved the prognosis of T-ALL, particularly in children. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Acute lymphoblastic leukemia]] | * [[Acute lymphoblastic leukemia]] | ||
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* [[Chemotherapy]] | * [[Chemotherapy]] | ||
* [[Stem cell transplantation]] | * [[Stem cell transplantation]] | ||
[[Category:Leukemia]] | [[Category:Leukemia]] | ||
[[Category:T cells]] | [[Category:T cells]] | ||
[[Category:Hematologic diseases]] | [[Category:Hematologic diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Oncology]] | [[Category:Oncology]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 00:12, 10 April 2025
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| T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Fatigue, pallor, bruising, bleeding, fever, infection |
| Complications | N/A |
| Onset | Childhood, adolescence |
| Duration | Variable |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Genetic mutations |
| Risks | Genetic predisposition, radiation exposure, chemical exposure |
| Diagnosis | Blood test, bone marrow biopsy, immunophenotyping, cytogenetic analysis |
| Differential diagnosis | B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, lymphoblastic lymphoma |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplant |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, generally poorer than B-ALL |
| Frequency | Rare, accounts for 15% of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases in children |
| Deaths | N/A |
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a cancer of the white blood cells. T-ALL affects T cells, a type of lymphocyte that plays a key role in the immune response.
Epidemiology[edit]
T-ALL accounts for approximately 15% of ALL cases in children and 25% in adults. It is more common in males than in females, and its incidence peaks in adolescence.
Pathophysiology[edit]
T-ALL is characterized by the malignant transformation and proliferation of immature T cells, or T lymphoblasts. This is often associated with genetic abnormalities, such as translocations and mutations, that disrupt normal T cell development.
Clinical presentation[edit]
Patients with T-ALL typically present with signs and symptoms of bone marrow failure, such as fatigue, pallor, and bleeding, as well as lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and sometimes mediastinal mass.
Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis of T-ALL is based on the morphological, immunophenotypic, and genetic analysis of peripheral blood and bone marrow samples. The presence of T lymphoblasts in these samples is indicative of T-ALL.
Treatment[edit]
The treatment of T-ALL involves intensive chemotherapy, often followed by stem cell transplantation in high-risk cases. Despite advances in treatment, the prognosis of T-ALL remains poor, particularly in adults.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis of T-ALL is generally worse than that of B-cell ALL, with lower rates of complete remission and higher rates of relapse. However, recent advances in treatment have improved the prognosis of T-ALL, particularly in children.
