Secondary hyperparathyroidism: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Secondary hyperparathyroidism | |||
| image = [[File:Illu_thyroid_parathyroid.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Illustration of the thyroid and parathyroid glands | |||
| field = [[Endocrinology]] | |||
| synonyms = | |||
| symptoms = [[Bone pain]], [[muscle weakness]], [[fatigue (medical)|fatigue]], [[depression (mood)|depression]] | |||
| complications = [[Osteoporosis]], [[cardiovascular disease]], [[calciphylaxis]] | |||
| onset = | |||
| duration = | |||
| types = | |||
| causes = [[Chronic kidney disease]], [[vitamin D deficiency]], [[malabsorption]] | |||
| risks = | |||
| diagnosis = [[Blood test]] for [[parathyroid hormone]], [[calcium]], [[phosphate]], [[vitamin D]] levels | |||
| differential = [[Primary hyperparathyroidism]], [[tertiary hyperparathyroidism]] | |||
| prevention = | |||
| treatment = [[Vitamin D]] supplements, [[phosphate binders]], [[calcimimetics]], [[parathyroidectomy]] | |||
| medication = | |||
| prognosis = | |||
| frequency = Common in patients with [[chronic kidney disease]] | |||
| deaths = | |||
}} | |||
'''Secondary hyperparathyroidism''' is a disorder of the [[parathyroid glands]] in which they secrete excessive amounts of [[parathyroid hormone]] (PTH). This condition is often a complication of [[chronic kidney disease]] and [[vitamin D deficiency]]. | '''Secondary hyperparathyroidism''' is a disorder of the [[parathyroid glands]] in which they secrete excessive amounts of [[parathyroid hormone]] (PTH). This condition is often a complication of [[chronic kidney disease]] and [[vitamin D deficiency]]. | ||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
Secondary hyperparathyroidism is most commonly caused by chronic kidney disease. The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining [[calcium]] and [[phosphorus]] balance in the body. When the kidneys are not functioning properly, they are unable to convert vitamin D into its active form, leading to a decrease in calcium absorption from the intestines. This results in low calcium levels in the blood, which stimulates the parathyroid glands to secrete more PTH. | Secondary hyperparathyroidism is most commonly caused by chronic kidney disease. The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining [[calcium]] and [[phosphorus]] balance in the body. When the kidneys are not functioning properly, they are unable to convert vitamin D into its active form, leading to a decrease in calcium absorption from the intestines. This results in low calcium levels in the blood, which stimulates the parathyroid glands to secrete more PTH. | ||
Other causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism include vitamin D deficiency and certain medications, such as [[phenytoin]] and [[rifampin]], which can interfere with the body's ability to convert vitamin D into its active form. | Other causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism include vitamin D deficiency and certain medications, such as [[phenytoin]] and [[rifampin]], which can interfere with the body's ability to convert vitamin D into its active form. | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
The symptoms of secondary hyperparathyroidism can vary depending on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. Common symptoms include bone pain, muscle weakness, fatigue, and depression. In severe cases, the condition can lead to bone deformities and fractures. | The symptoms of secondary hyperparathyroidism can vary depending on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. Common symptoms include bone pain, muscle weakness, fatigue, and depression. In severe cases, the condition can lead to bone deformities and fractures. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
The diagnosis of secondary hyperparathyroidism is usually made based on blood tests that measure levels of calcium, phosphorus, PTH, and vitamin D. Imaging tests, such as [[ultrasound]] or [[computed tomography]] (CT) scan, may also be used to assess the size and shape of the parathyroid glands. | The diagnosis of secondary hyperparathyroidism is usually made based on blood tests that measure levels of calcium, phosphorus, PTH, and vitamin D. Imaging tests, such as [[ultrasound]] or [[computed tomography]] (CT) scan, may also be used to assess the size and shape of the parathyroid glands. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
The treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism depends on the underlying cause. In cases caused by chronic kidney disease, treatment may include medications to control phosphorus levels, vitamin D supplements, and in some cases, surgery to remove the parathyroid glands. In cases caused by vitamin D deficiency, treatment typically involves vitamin D supplements. | The treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism depends on the underlying cause. In cases caused by chronic kidney disease, treatment may include medications to control phosphorus levels, vitamin D supplements, and in some cases, surgery to remove the parathyroid glands. In cases caused by vitamin D deficiency, treatment typically involves vitamin D supplements. | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[Primary hyperparathyroidism]] | * [[Primary hyperparathyroidism]] | ||
* [[Tertiary hyperparathyroidism]] | * [[Tertiary hyperparathyroidism]] | ||
* [[Hypoparathyroidism]] | * [[Hypoparathyroidism]] | ||
[[Category:Endocrine diseases]] | [[Category:Endocrine diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Parathyroid disorders]] | [[Category:Parathyroid disorders]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 22:56, 6 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Secondary hyperparathyroidism | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Bone pain, muscle weakness, fatigue, depression |
| Complications | Osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, calciphylaxis |
| Onset | |
| Duration | |
| Types | |
| Causes | Chronic kidney disease, vitamin D deficiency, malabsorption |
| Risks | |
| Diagnosis | Blood test for parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphate, vitamin D levels |
| Differential diagnosis | Primary hyperparathyroidism, tertiary hyperparathyroidism |
| Prevention | |
| Treatment | Vitamin D supplements, phosphate binders, calcimimetics, parathyroidectomy |
| Medication | |
| Prognosis | |
| Frequency | Common in patients with chronic kidney disease |
| Deaths | |
Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a disorder of the parathyroid glands in which they secrete excessive amounts of parathyroid hormone (PTH). This condition is often a complication of chronic kidney disease and vitamin D deficiency.
Causes[edit]
Secondary hyperparathyroidism is most commonly caused by chronic kidney disease. The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining calcium and phosphorus balance in the body. When the kidneys are not functioning properly, they are unable to convert vitamin D into its active form, leading to a decrease in calcium absorption from the intestines. This results in low calcium levels in the blood, which stimulates the parathyroid glands to secrete more PTH. Other causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism include vitamin D deficiency and certain medications, such as phenytoin and rifampin, which can interfere with the body's ability to convert vitamin D into its active form.
Symptoms[edit]
The symptoms of secondary hyperparathyroidism can vary depending on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. Common symptoms include bone pain, muscle weakness, fatigue, and depression. In severe cases, the condition can lead to bone deformities and fractures.
Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis of secondary hyperparathyroidism is usually made based on blood tests that measure levels of calcium, phosphorus, PTH, and vitamin D. Imaging tests, such as ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scan, may also be used to assess the size and shape of the parathyroid glands.
Treatment[edit]
The treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism depends on the underlying cause. In cases caused by chronic kidney disease, treatment may include medications to control phosphorus levels, vitamin D supplements, and in some cases, surgery to remove the parathyroid glands. In cases caused by vitamin D deficiency, treatment typically involves vitamin D supplements.
