Sisomicin: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 04:03, 13 February 2025

Sisomicin[edit]

Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that is derived from the bacterium Micromonospora inyoensis. It is closely related to other aminoglycosides such as gentamicin and netilmicin. Sisomicin is primarily used in the treatment of serious bacterial infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria.

Mechanism of Action[edit]

Sisomicin, like other aminoglycosides, works by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit of the bacterial ribosome. This binding interferes with the initiation complex of protein synthesis, leading to the misreading of mRNA and the production of nonfunctional or toxic peptides. The disruption of protein synthesis ultimately results in bacterial cell death, making sisomicin a bactericidal agent.

Clinical Uses[edit]

Sisomicin is used to treat a variety of infections, including:

It is particularly effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Administration and Dosage[edit]

Sisomicin is typically administered via intravenous or intramuscular injection. The dosage depends on the severity of the infection, the patient's renal function, and the susceptibility of the causative organism. It is important to monitor renal function and serum drug levels during treatment to avoid nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, which are common side effects of aminoglycosides.

Side Effects[edit]

Common side effects of sisomicin include:

Patients receiving sisomicin should be monitored for signs of kidney damage and hearing loss. The risk of these side effects is increased in patients with pre-existing renal impairment or those receiving concurrent nephrotoxic drugs.

Resistance[edit]

Bacterial resistance to sisomicin can occur through several mechanisms, including:

Enzymatic modification of the drug by aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes
Alteration of the ribosomal binding site
Reduced uptake of the drug into the bacterial cell

Resistance is a significant concern in the clinical use of aminoglycosides, and susceptibility testing is recommended before initiating therapy.

Related Pages[edit]

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-'''Sisomicin''' is an [[aminoglycoside]] [[antibiotic]] that is used in the treatment of various types of [[bacterial infections]]. It was first isolated in 1973 from the fermentation broth of ''[[Micromonospora inyoensis]]'', a species of [[actinobacteria]].
+== Sisomicin ==
-== History ==
+[[File:Sisomicin.svg|thumb|right|Chemical structure of Sisomicin]]
-Sisomicin was discovered in 1973 by researchers at the [[Schering Corporation]]. It was found to be produced by ''Micromonospora inyoensis'', a species of actinobacteria that was isolated from a soil sample collected in [[Inyo County, California]]. The antibiotic was named after the genus ''[[Sisomicin]]'' of the bacteria from which it was derived.
+'''Sisomicin''' is an [[aminoglycoside antibiotic]] that is derived from the bacterium ''[[Micromonospora inyoensis]]''. It is closely related to other aminoglycosides such as [[gentamicin]] and [[netilmicin]]. Sisomicin is primarily used in the treatment of serious [[bacterial infections]] caused by [[Gram-negative bacteria]].
 == Mechanism of Action ==
-Like other aminoglycoside antibiotics, sisomicin works by binding to the [[30S ribosomal subunit]] of the bacterial [[ribosome]], thereby inhibiting [[protein synthesis]]. This results in the death of the bacterial cells, effectively treating the infection.
+Sisomicin, like other aminoglycosides, works by binding to the [[30S ribosomal subunit]] of the bacterial [[ribosome]]. This binding interferes with the initiation complex of [[protein synthesis]], leading to the misreading of [[mRNA]] and the production of nonfunctional or toxic peptides. The disruption of protein synthesis ultimately results in bacterial cell death, making sisomicin a [[bactericidal]] agent.
-== Medical Uses ==
+== Clinical Uses ==
-Sisomicin is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including those caused by [[Gram-negative bacteria]] such as ''[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]'', ''[[Escherichia coli]]'', and ''[[Klebsiella pneumoniae]]''. It is also effective against some [[Gram-positive bacteria]], including certain strains of ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' and ''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]''.
+Sisomicin is used to treat a variety of infections, including:
+* [[Urinary tract infections]]
+* [[Respiratory tract infections]]
+* [[Skin and soft tissue infections]]
+* [[Intra-abdominal infections]]
+It is particularly effective against [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]], [[Escherichia coli]], and [[Klebsiella pneumoniae]].
+== Administration and Dosage ==
+Sisomicin is typically administered via [[intravenous]] or [[intramuscular]] injection. The dosage depends on the severity of the infection, the patient's renal function, and the susceptibility of the causative organism. It is important to monitor [[renal function]] and [[serum drug levels]] during treatment to avoid [[nephrotoxicity]] and [[ototoxicity]], which are common side effects of aminoglycosides.
 == Side Effects ==
-As with other aminoglycoside antibiotics, the use of sisomicin can lead to several side effects. These include [[ototoxicity]], which can result in hearing loss or balance problems, and [[nephrotoxicity]], which can cause kidney damage. Other potential side effects include allergic reactions and blood disorders.
+Common side effects of sisomicin include:
-== See Also ==
+* [[Nephrotoxicity]]
+* [[Ototoxicity]]
+* [[Neuromuscular blockade]]
+Patients receiving sisomicin should be monitored for signs of kidney damage and hearing loss. The risk of these side effects is increased in patients with pre-existing renal impairment or those receiving concurrent nephrotoxic drugs.
+== Resistance ==
+Bacterial resistance to sisomicin can occur through several mechanisms, including:
+* Enzymatic modification of the drug by [[aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes]]
+* Alteration of the ribosomal binding site
+* Reduced uptake of the drug into the bacterial cell
+Resistance is a significant concern in the clinical use of aminoglycosides, and susceptibility testing is recommended before initiating therapy.
+== Related Pages ==
 * [[Aminoglycoside]]
-* [[Antibiotic]]
+* [[Antibiotic resistance]]
-* [[Bacterial Infections]]
+* [[Gentamicin]]
-* [[Protein Synthesis]]
+* [[Netilmicin]]
-[[Category:Antibiotics]]
-[[Category:Aminoglycosides]]
-[[Category:Medicine]]
-{{Antibiotics}}
+[[Category:Aminoglycoside antibiotics]]
-{{Medicine-stub}}