Oceania

Oceania

Oceania centered orthographic projection

Oceania is a geographic region comprising numerous islands scattered throughout the Pacific Ocean. It includes the subregions of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia, as well as Australia and the Malay Archipelago. Oceania covers an area of over 8.5 million square kilometers and has a diverse range of cultures, languages, and ecosystems.

Geography

Oceania is traditionally divided into four main regions:

• Australasia: Includes Australia, New Zealand, and neighboring islands.
• Melanesia: Comprises countries such as Fiji, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands.
• Micronesia: Consists of small islands in the western Pacific, including the Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, and the Marshall Islands.
• Polynesia: Encompasses a vast triangle of islands, including Hawaii, Samoa, and Tonga.

Oceania UN Geoscheme - Map with Zones

History

The history of Oceania is marked by the migration of peoples across the Pacific Ocean. The first settlers are believed to have arrived in Australia and New Guinea over 40,000 years ago. The Lapita culture, known for its pottery, spread through Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia around 1500 BCE.

European exploration began in the 16th century, with Ferdinand Magellan being one of the first Europeans to cross the Pacific Ocean. The 18th and 19th centuries saw increased European colonization, which significantly impacted the indigenous cultures and societies.

Culture

Oceania is home to a rich tapestry of cultures and languages. The region is known for its traditional music, dance, and art. Each island group has its own unique cultural practices and traditions.

1852 Bocage Map of Australia and Polynesia

Economy

The economies of Oceania vary widely. Australia and New Zealand have developed economies with significant agricultural and industrial sectors. In contrast, many Pacific island nations rely on agriculture, fishing, and tourism. The region is also rich in natural resources, including minerals and timber.

Environment

Oceania's environment is incredibly diverse, ranging from the arid deserts of Australia to the lush rainforests of Papua New Guinea. The region is home to unique flora and fauna, including the kangaroo, koala, and kiwi.

Map of Near and Remote Oceania and location of Efate Island, Vanuatu

Related pages

• Australia
• New Zealand
• Fiji
• Papua New Guinea
• Hawaii