Triphenylphosphine

An organophosphorus compound used in organic synthesis

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Triphenylphosphine (often abbreviated as TPP or PPh_) is an organophosphorus compound with the formula P(C_H_)_. It is a common reagent in organic synthesis and is used as a ligand in coordination chemistry.

Structure and properties

Triphenylphosphine is a white crystalline solid at room temperature. It is soluble in organic solvents such as benzene, diethyl ether, and chloroform. The compound is characterized by a trigonal pyramidal geometry around the phosphorus atom, with three phenyl groups attached.

Synthesis

Triphenylphosphine is typically synthesized by the reaction of phosphorus trichloride with phenylmagnesium bromide or phenyl lithium. The reaction proceeds as follows:

<math>\text{PCl}_3 + 3 \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{MgBr} \rightarrow \text{P}(\text{C}_6\text{H}_5)_3 + 3 \text{MgBrCl}</math>

Applications

In organic synthesis

Triphenylphosphine is widely used in organic synthesis. It is a key component in the Wittig reaction, which is used to convert carbonyl compounds into alkenes. The reaction involves the formation of a phosphonium ylide intermediate.

Deoxygenation reactions

Triphenylphosphine is also used in deoxygenation reactions, such as the conversion of amine oxides to amines. This reaction is depicted in the following image:

Deoxygenation of an aromatic amine oxide using triphenylphosphine

As a ligand

In coordination chemistry, triphenylphosphine acts as a ligand that can stabilize transition metal complexes. It is often used in homogeneous catalysis, such as in the hydroformylation of olefins.

Derivatives

Triphenylphosphine can be modified to form various derivatives, such as TPPTS (triphenylphosphine-3,3',3-trisulfonate), which is used in aqueous catalysis.

Structure of TPPTS

Safety

Triphenylphosphine is generally considered to be of low toxicity, but it can cause irritation to the skin and eyes. Proper handling and storage are recommended to avoid exposure.

Related pages

• Phosphine
• Wittig reaction
• Coordination chemistry

References

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  Triphenylphosphine 2D skeletal structure

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  Deoxygenation of an aromatic amine oxide using triphenylphosphine

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  TPPTS