Toxic leukoencephalopathy

Toxic leukoencephalopathy
Synonyms	Toxic spongiform leukoencephalopathy
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Cognitive impairment, ataxia, seizures, coma
Complications	Permanent neurological damage, death
Onset	Acute or subacute
Duration	Variable, depending on exposure and treatment
Types	N/A
Causes	Exposure to toxic substances such as chemotherapy agents, recreational drugs, environmental toxins
Risks	High-dose or prolonged exposure to toxic agents
Diagnosis	MRI, clinical evaluation
Differential diagnosis	Multiple sclerosis, infectious leukoencephalopathy, metabolic disorders
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Removal of the toxic agent, supportive care, rehabilitation
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable; can range from full recovery to severe disability or death
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Third-hand smoke is the residual contamination from tobacco smoke that adheres to any surface, long after the smoking activity has ceased. This residue is thought to react with common indoor pollutants to create a toxic mix. This toxic mix of Third-hand smoke contains cancer-causing substances, posing a potential health hazard to nonsmokers who are exposed to it, especially children.

Health Effects

Third-hand smoke poses a significant health risk to non-smokers, particularly children who are more likely to come into contact with contaminated surfaces. The residue from third-hand smoke builds up on surfaces over time and resists normal cleaning. Third-hand smoke can't be eliminated by airing out rooms, opening windows, using fans or air conditioners, or confining smoking to only certain areas of a home.

Exposure

Non-smokers are exposed to third-hand smoke in a variety of ways, including inhaling, swallowing or touching substances containing third-hand smoke. Infants and children might have increased exposure to third-hand smoke due to their tendency to mouth objects and touch affected surfaces.

Prevention

The only way to protect non-smokers from third-hand smoke is to create a smoke-free environment, whether that's in your home or in your vehicle. Consider quitting smoking if you're a smoker. If you have guests who smoke, offer them a place to smoke outside.

See Also

• Second-hand smoke
• Tobacco smoke
• Smoking cessation