Torus fracture

Torus Fracture

A torus fracture, also known as a buckle fracture, is a type of incomplete fracture commonly seen in children. It occurs when one side of the bone bends, causing a bulge or buckle on the opposite side without breaking the bone completely. This type of fracture is most frequently observed in the radius and ulna of the forearm.

Pathophysiology

Torus fractures occur due to the unique properties of children's bones, which are softer and more pliable than those of adults. When subjected to compressive forces, such as a fall on an outstretched hand, the bone deforms and buckles rather than breaking completely. This is because the periosteum, a dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones, remains intact, preventing a complete fracture.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a torus fracture is typically made through radiographic examination. The X-ray will show a characteristic bulging or buckling of the cortex on one side of the bone. It is important to differentiate a torus fracture from other types of fractures, such as greenstick fractures, which involve a partial break in the bone.

Treatment

Treatment for a torus fracture is generally conservative. The affected limb is usually immobilized in a splint or a cast for a period of 3 to 4 weeks to allow the bone to heal. Since the fracture is stable, surgical intervention is rarely required. Pain management may include the use of analgesics such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen.

Prognosis

The prognosis for torus fractures is excellent, with most children experiencing full recovery without any long-term complications. The bone typically heals quickly due to the rich blood supply and the rapid bone remodeling capabilities in children.

Related Pages

• Fracture (bone)
• Greenstick fracture
• Pediatric orthopedics

References

• "Torus Fracture." Radiopaedia. Accessed October 2023. [1]
• "Buckle Fracture." OrthoInfo. Accessed October 2023. [2]

Images

X-ray of a buckle fracture of the radius.

Diagram illustrating a buckle fracture of the radius.

Infographic showing forces involved in a torus fracture.