Testicular torsion

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Testicular torsion
Synonyms	Twisted testicle
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Sudden onset of severe testicular pain, swelling of the scrotum, nausea, vomiting
Complications	Infertility, testicular necrosis
Onset	Puberty
Duration	Variable
Types	N/A
Causes	Bell clapper deformity, trauma, exercise
Risks	Adolescence, family history
Diagnosis	Physical examination, ultrasound with Doppler
Differential diagnosis	Epididymitis, orchitis, inguinal hernia
Prevention	None
Treatment	Surgical intervention (detorsion and fixation)
Medication	Analgesics for pain
Prognosis	Good if treated within 6 hours
Frequency	1 in 4,000 males under 25 per year
Deaths	N/A

Testicular torsion

Testicular torsion is a medical condition that involves the twisting of the spermatic cord, which causes a decrease in the blood flow to the testicle. It is a medical emergency that, if left untreated, can result in the loss of the testicle.

Causes

Testicular torsion is caused by the rotation of the testicle and spermatic cord. This can occur spontaneously or may be associated with physical activity. Some men may have an inherited trait that allows the testicle to rotate freely inside the scrotum, increasing the risk of testicular torsion.

Symptoms

The most common symptoms of testicular torsion include sudden, severe pain in the scrotum, swelling of the scrotum, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Some men may also experience fever and urinary frequency.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of testicular torsion is typically made based on the patient's symptoms and physical examination. An ultrasound of the scrotum may be performed to confirm the diagnosis. In some cases, surgery may be required to confirm the diagnosis and to correct the torsion.

Treatment

The treatment for testicular torsion is surgery to untwist the spermatic cord and to secure the testicle in place to prevent future torsion. This surgery is typically performed as an emergency procedure. If the blood flow to the testicle is not restored within a few hours, the testicle may need to be removed.

Prognosis

The prognosis for testicular torsion depends on how quickly treatment is received. If treatment is received within a few hours of the onset of symptoms, the testicle can usually be saved. However, if treatment is delayed, the testicle may need to be removed.

See also

• Orchitis
• Epididymitis
• Scrotal ultrasound