Thyroid nodules
Thyroid Nodules
Thyroid nodules (/ˈθaɪrɔɪd ˈnɒdjuːlz/) are lumps that commonly arise within an otherwise normal thyroid gland. Often these abnormal growths of thyroid tissue are located at the edge of the thyroid gland and can be felt as a lump in the throat.
Etymology
The term "thyroid" comes from the Greek "thyreos", meaning "shield", due to the gland's shape, and "nodule" comes from the Latin "nodulus", meaning "little knot".
Symptoms
Most thyroid nodules do not cause symptoms. Often, thyroid nodules are discovered incidentally during a routine physical examination or on imaging studies like a CT scan of the neck done for unrelated reasons. Some thyroid nodules, however, may become large enough to be visible or make it difficult to swallow or breathe.
Causes
The causes of thyroid nodules are not always known, but they can be associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, iodine deficiency, or thyroid adenoma.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of thyroid nodules commonly involves a combination of physical examination, ultrasound imaging, and fine needle aspiration for cytology.
Treatment
Treatment options for thyroid nodules include watchful waiting, thyroid hormone suppression therapy, surgery, and radioactive iodine.
Related Terms
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