Threonine

Threonine is an essential amino acid in humans (provided by diet), as the human body cannot synthesize it. It is an important residue of many proteins, such as tooth enamel, collagen, and elastin. An important amino acid for the nervous system, threonine also plays an important role in porphyrin and fat metabolism and prevents fat buildup in the liver. Useful amounts are found in cottage cheese and wheat germ.

Structure

Threonine is a white, crystalline substance that is essential in animals for the synthesis of proteins. It is synthesized from aspartic acid in bacteria such as Escherichia coli.

Function

Threonine is used to form the important biomolecules glycine and serine, which are used in the synthesis of collagen, elastin, and muscle tissue. Threonine supports cardiovascular, liver, central nervous, and immune system function.

Dietary sources

Threonine is found in high amounts in the outer layers and germ of cereals, in casein, and in other high-protein foods such as meat, dairy products, and eggs. It is also found in lower amounts in nuts, grains, and vegetables.

Deficiency

Threonine deficiency can cause mental confusion, digestion issues, irritability, and a weakened immune system.

See also

• Essential amino acid
• Protein (nutrient)
• Amino acid

Threonine

• 
  L-Threonine structure
• 
  Threonine 3D model
• 
  D-Threonine structure
• 
  L-allo-Threonine structure
• 
  D-allo-Threonine structure
• 
  Threonine biosynthesis pathway