Thiophene
Thiophene
Thiophene (pronounced /ˈθaɪoʊfiːn/) is a heterocyclic compound with the formula C4H4S. It is a colorless liquid with a benzene-like odor.
Etymology
The term "thiophene" is derived from the Greek words "theion" meaning sulfur and "phainein" meaning to show, indicating its sulfur-containing property.
Structure and Properties
Thiophene is a five-membered ring with four carbon atoms and one sulfur atom. The molecule is planar and cyclic, due to the conjugation of the pi electrons. It is aromatic, similar to benzene, but with a sulfur atom replacing one of the carbon atoms in the ring.
Synthesis
Thiophene can be synthesized through various methods, including the reaction of 1,4-diketones with phosphorus pentasulfide, and the Paal-Knorr synthesis, which involves the condensation of 1,4-diketones with sulfur.
Uses
Thiophene is used as a building block in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and dyes. It is also used as a solvent and in research.
Related Compounds
Related compounds include benzothiophene, which has a second benzene ring fused to the thiophene ring, and dibenzothiophene, which has two benzene rings fused to the thiophene ring.
Health Effects
Exposure to thiophene can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. It may also have effects on the central nervous system.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Thiophene
- Wikipedia's article - Thiophene
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