Heterocyclic compound

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Heterocyclic Compound

A Heterocyclic Compound or Heterocycle (pronunciation: /ˈhɛtəroʊˌsaɪkl/) is a cyclic compound that has atoms of at least two different elements as members of its ring(s).

Etymology

The term "heterocyclic" is derived from the Greek words "heteros" meaning "different" and "kyklos" meaning "circle" or "ring".

Structure and Classification

Heterocyclic compounds can be usefully classified based on their electronic structure. The saturated heterocycles behave like the acyclic derivatives. Thus, piperidine and tetrahydrofuran are conventional amines and ethers, with modified steric profiles. Other heterocycles, such as pyridine and pyrrole, are aromatic and behave similarly to unsaturated compounds.

Importance in Biochemistry

Many heterocyclic compounds are of great importance in biochemistry. For example, many sugars are heterocyclic compounds, as are many vitamins, antibiotics, and a large number of alkaloids.

Synthesis

There are several methods for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. Some of these methods include the Diels-Alder reaction, the Friedel-Crafts reaction, and the Fischer indole synthesis.

See Also

References

External Links

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