Syncytiotrophoblast
Syncytiotrophoblast is a type of tissue found in the placenta during pregnancy. It is a multi-nucleated cell layer that covers the blastocyst and allows it to implant itself within the uterus. The syncytiotrophoblast also forms the outer layer of the trophoblast, which gives rise to the placenta.
Function
The syncytiotrophoblast plays a crucial role in embryo implantation and placenta formation. It is responsible for the invasion of the uterine wall by the blastocyst, which allows the embryo to receive nutrients from the mother. The syncytiotrophoblast also produces several important hormones that support the pregnancy, including human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), progesterone, and estrogen.
Structure
The syncytiotrophoblast is a multi-nucleated cell layer, meaning it contains multiple nuclei within a single cell membrane. This structure is formed by the fusion of individual cytotrophoblast cells. The syncytiotrophoblast lacks cell junctions, which allows it to invade the uterine wall and absorb nutrients from the mother's blood.
Clinical significance
Abnormalities in the syncytiotrophoblast can lead to several pregnancy-related disorders, including pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and recurrent miscarriage. In addition, the syncytiotrophoblast is the target of several infections, including malaria and toxoplasmosis.
See also
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
