Globus pallidus
Globus Pallidus is a subcortical structure of the brain, specifically a part of the basal ganglia. It plays a significant role in the regulation of voluntary movement. It is divided into two parts: the Globus Pallidus Internus (GPi) and the Globus Pallidus Externus (GPe).
Anatomy
The Globus Pallidus is located in the basal ganglia, which is a group of nuclei in the brain associated with control of voluntary motor movements, procedural learning, habit learning, eye movements, cognition, and emotion. The Globus Pallidus is divided into two parts: the Globus Pallidus Internus (GPi) and the Globus Pallidus Externus (GPe). These two parts have different functions and anatomical connections.
Function
The Globus Pallidus is involved in the regulation of voluntary movement. It receives input from the striatum and sends output to a number of different areas in the brain, including the thalamus and the subthalamic nucleus. The GPi and GPe have different roles in this process. The GPi sends inhibitory signals to the thalamus, which in turn sends signals to the motor cortex to initiate movement. The GPe, on the other hand, sends inhibitory signals to the subthalamic nucleus and the striatum, helping to regulate the activity of these areas.
Clinical Significance
Abnormalities in the Globus Pallidus can lead to a number of movement disorders, including Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. In Parkinson's disease, there is a loss of dopamine-producing cells in the striatum, which leads to overactivity of the GPi and underactivity of the GPe. This results in an imbalance in the regulation of movement, leading to the characteristic symptoms of the disease. In Huntington's disease, there is a loss of cells in the GPe, leading to overactivity of the GPi and underactivity of the striatum. This also results in an imbalance in the regulation of movement, leading to the characteristic symptoms of the disease.
See Also
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
