Stress

Stress is a biological and psychological response experienced on encountering a threat that we feel we do not have the resources to deal with. A stressor is the stimulus (or threat) that causes stress, e.g., the threat of a loss of your job, or the threat of being attacked. Stress can be a motivator. It can be essential to survival. The "fight-or-flight" mechanism can tell us when and how to respond to danger. However, if this mechanism is triggered too easily, or there are too many stressors at one time, it can undermine a person's mental and physical health and become harmful.

Types of Stress

Stress is not a one-size-fits-all condition. It can manifest in various forms, which are typically categorized into three types:

• Acute Stress: This is the most common form of stress, arising from demands and pressures of the recent past and anticipated demands and pressures of the near future. Acute stress is thrilling and exciting in small doses, but too much is exhausting.
• Episodic Acute Stress: Some individuals seem to experience acute stress frequently, known as episodic acute stress. People who always seem to be in a rush, and those who take on too much, are candidates for episodic acute stress.
• Chronic Stress: This type of stress wears people away day after day, year after year. Chronic stress destroys bodies, minds, and lives. It stems from unending feelings of despair/hopelessness, as a result of factors such as poverty, family dysfunction, feelings of inadequacy, and bad relationships.

Causes of Stress

Stress can be caused by a variety of life events and conditions. Common stressors include:

• Work-related stress
• Financial stress
• Academic pressure
• Family stress
• Major life changes, such as moving, unemployment, or the death of a loved one
• Chronic illness or injury

Symptoms of Stress

The symptoms of stress can affect both your body and your mind. Some common symptoms include:

• Irritability or moodiness
• Anxiety or nervousness
• Depression
• Sleeping problems
• Sweating, headaches
• Difficulty concentrating
• Muscle tension or pain
• Stomach problems

Management and Coping

Effective stress management helps you break the hold stress has on your life, so you can be happier, healthier, and more productive. The ultimate goal is a balanced life, with time for work, relationships, relaxation, and fun. Strategies for managing stress include:

• Mindfulness and meditation
• Regular physical activity
• Keeping a sense of humor
• Social support
• Proper time management
• Seeking professional help through counseling

See Also

• Anxiety
• Depression
• Post-traumatic stress disorder
• Burnout