Status epilepticus

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Status epilepticus
EEG showing spike-and-wave activity
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Seizure, confusion, unconsciousness
Complications	Brain damage, death
Onset	Sudden
Duration	More than 5 minutes
Types	Convulsive status epilepticus, non-convulsive status epilepticus
Causes	Epilepsy, stroke, head injury, infection, alcohol withdrawal
Risks	Epilepsy, brain injury, alcoholism
Diagnosis	EEG, clinical observation
Differential diagnosis	Seizure, syncope, psychogenic non-epileptic seizures
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Benzodiazepines, antiepileptic drugs, intensive care
Medication	Lorazepam, diazepam, phenytoin, levetiracetam
Prognosis	Variable, depends on cause and treatment
Frequency	40 per 100,000 people per year
Deaths	20% mortality rate if untreated

Rectal valium

Status epilepticus is a type of epilepsy that is characterized by continuous or recurrent seizures. It is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment.

Definition

Status epilepticus is defined as a seizure that lasts for more than five minutes, or two or more seizures within a five-minute period without the person returning to normal between them.

Causes

The causes of status epilepticus can be divided into two categories: known and unknown. Known causes include stroke, trauma, infection, and metabolic disorders. Unknown causes are those where no specific cause can be identified.

Symptoms

The symptoms of status epilepticus can vary depending on the type of seizure. They can include convulsions, loss of consciousness, and abnormal behavior.

Treatment

The treatment of status epilepticus involves stopping the seizure as quickly as possible and treating the underlying cause. This can involve the use of antiepileptic drugs, sedatives, and other treatments.

Prognosis

The prognosis for status epilepticus can vary depending on the underlying cause and the person's overall health. In some cases, it can be life-threatening.

See also

• Epilepsy
• Seizure
• Convulsion

References

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External links

• Epilepsy Foundation: Status Epilepticus
• PubMed Health: Status Epilepticus

Further reading

• Shorvon, S. (2001). Status Epilepticus: Its Clinical Features and Treatment in Children and Adults. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-58117-0.
• Trinka, E., & Höfler, J. (2015). Status epilepticus: A critical review. Epilepsy & Behavior, 49, 86-91. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.04.044.