Splenosis

A condition involving the autotransplantation of splenic tissue

Splenosis

Splenosis nodules in the abdominal cavity

Splenosis is a condition characterized by the autotransplantation of splenic tissue into ectopic sites within the body, typically following splenic trauma or splenectomy. This phenomenon occurs when splenic tissue becomes dispersed and implants itself in various locations, where it can continue to function as splenic tissue.

Pathophysiology

Splenosis results from the dissemination of splenic pulp into the peritoneal cavity or other areas of the body. This can occur after a traumatic rupture of the spleen or during surgical removal of the spleen, known as splenectomy. The splenic tissue fragments can implant on serosal surfaces and develop their own blood supply, allowing them to survive and function.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with splenosis are often asymptomatic, and the condition is usually discovered incidentally during imaging studies or surgical procedures for other reasons. In some cases, splenosis can mimic other conditions, such as neoplasms, leading to diagnostic challenges.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of splenosis is typically made through imaging studies. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can reveal the presence of ectopic splenic tissue. Scintigraphy using heat-damaged red blood cells labeled with technetium-99m is a specific diagnostic test that can confirm the presence of splenic tissue.

Treatment

In most cases, splenosis does not require treatment, as the ectopic splenic tissue is benign and asymptomatic. However, if splenosis causes symptoms or complications, surgical removal of the ectopic tissue may be considered.

Related pages

• Spleen
• Splenectomy
• Accessory spleen